Internal Standards for Quantitative Analysis of Chemical Warfare Agents by the GC/MS Method: Nerve Agents

Abstract

General conditions and requirements for an internal standard useful in the determination of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) by the method of gas chromatography coupled with mass detection (GC/MS) were defined. The determination is based on a GC/MS analysis of a mixture of a CWA with an internal standard, conversion of the TIC chromatogram to a chromatogram extracted at a particular m/z ratio, and calculation of the CWA concentration from the internal standard concentration, response factor, and chromatographic peak areas. Available internal standards were identified, and they were verified for seven organophosphorus nerve-paralysing agents. Corresponding response factors were determined as a ratio of gradients of the linear functions of the peak area and compound concentration. Linearity, repeatability, and accuracy of the measurements were evaluated. The determination can be performed on all GC/MS systems of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic (FRS), where no CWA standards are available.

Heterogeneous diacylglycerol acyltransferase expression enhances lipids and PUFA in Chlorella species

“…The fatty acids were identified by comparison of chromatogram with mass spectral library (NIST). The response factor was calculated using a known concentration of heptadecanoic acid methyl ester (C17 FAME) run externally with the samples (Capoun & Krykorkova, 2020). The FAME content was calculated as mg per gram of dry cell weight (DCW) as described (Breuer et al, 2013).…”