Internal resistance and temperature change during over-discharge of lead-acid battery

Broda, Balázs; Inzelt, György

doi:10.5599/jese.469

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This has been performed thoroughly via mathematical modeling [24][25][26], which also included comparisons with other studies. Broda and Inzelt investigated internal resistance increase and temperature change for both the negative and the positive electrode in a lead-acid battery [27]. Křivík dedicated his effort to thermal events in lead storage batteries [28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Effects during the Operation of Lead-Acid Batteries

Bača,

Vanýsek,

Langer

et al. 2024

Batteries

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Thermal events in lead-acid batteries during their operation play an important role; they affect not only the reaction rate of ongoing electrochemical reactions, but also the rate of discharge and self-discharge, length of service life and, in critical cases, can even cause a fatal failure of the battery, known as “thermal runaway.” This contribution discusses the parameters affecting the thermal state of the lead-acid battery. It was found by calculations and measurements that there is a cooling component in the lead-acid battery system which is caused by the endothermic discharge reactions and electrolysis of water during charging, related to entropy change contribution. Thus, under certain circumstances, it is possible to lower the temperature of the lead-acid battery during its discharging. The Joule heat generated on the internal resistance of the cell due to current flow, the exothermic charging reaction, and above all, the gradual increase in polarization as the cell voltage increases during charging all contribute to the heating of the cell, overtaking the cooling effect. Of these three sources of thermal energy, Joule heating in polarization resistance contributes the most to the temperature rise in the lead-acid battery. Thus, the maximum voltage reached determines the slope of the temperature rise in the lead-acid battery cell, and by a suitably chosen limiting voltage, it is possible to limit the danger of the “thermal runaway” effect. The overall thermal conditions of the experimental cell are significantly affected by the ambient temperature of the external environment and the rate of heat transfer through the walls of the calorimeter. A series of experiments with direct temperature measurement of individual locations within a lead-acid battery uses a calorimeter made of expanded polystyrene to minimize external influences. A hitherto unpublished phenomenon is discussed whereby the temperature of the positive electrode was lower than that of the negative electrode throughout the discharge, while during charging, the order was reversed and the temperature of the positive electrode was higher than that of the negative electrode throughout the charge. The authors relate this phenomenon to the higher reaction entropy change of the active mass of the positive electrode than that of the negative electrode.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Effects during the Operation of Lead-Acid Batteries

Bača,

Vanýsek,

Langer

et al. 2024

Batteries

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“…Wang et al 28 investigated the over‐discharge behavior of a 2.9 Ah cylindrical Li(Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 )O 2 /graphite battery under an adiabatic environment and asserted that a higher over‐discharge rate resulted in a faster temperature rise. Broda and Inzelet 29 conducted experiments to reveal the internal resistance and temperature changing trend during the over‐discharging process of a lead‐acid battery and found that the temperature and internal resistance of the battery increased remarkably under over‐discharging conditions, manifesting severe influences on aging and capacity degradation. Qian et al 30 investigated the cycle life decay behavior of a Li(Ni 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 )O 2 /graphite high‐power battery during a slight over‐discharging process and noticed a cycle life degradation of 15.4%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigations on the correlations between the structure and thermal‐electrochemical properties of over‐discharged ternary/ Si‐C power batteries

Zhang

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary The thermal safety of power lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) has seriously affected the booming development of electric vehicles (EVs). Especially, owing to the requirement of high energy density, thermal runaway (TR) easily occurs in LIBs, resulting in a higher heat generation rate. Over‐discharging is recognized as a common cause for TR. In the present research, the correlations between the structure and thermal‐electrochemical properties of an over‐discharged ternary/Si‐C battery at room and high temperatures were investigated. The heat generation mechanisms of the batteries due to the maximum surface temperature and peak temperature difference variations during fast charging and discharging processes were investigated. Moreover, the electrochemical performances parameters of the batteries, such as voltage changing trend, discharge time, discharge capacity, internal resistance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) spectra, were analyzed. When the battery was discharged at 2.0C and 55°C, its maximum temperature and highest temperature difference reached 91.34°C and 13.24°C, respectively, finally resulting in a sharp decline in electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the root reasons for performance degradation and heat generation intensification of the over‐discharged battery were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The cause of the aforementioned phenomenon is due to irreversible damage to the electrode materials. This research not only reveals the relevant relationship between the thermal behavior and the microscopic structure of the over‐discharged ternary/Si‐C battery under various temperature conditions but also provides valuable insights for improving the safety of LIBs modules even packs.

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Internal resistance and temperature change during over-discharge of lead-acid battery

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Heat Effects during the Operation of Lead-Acid Batteries

Heat Effects during the Operation of Lead-Acid Batteries

Experimental investigations on the correlations between the structure and thermal‐electrochemical properties of over‐discharged ternary/ Si‐C power batteries

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