Internal multiple prediction and removal using Marchenko autofocusing and seismic interferometry

Meles, Giovanni Angelo; Löer, Katrin; Ravasi, Matteo; Curtis, Andrew; Filho, Carlos Alberto da Costa

doi:10.1190/geo2014-0408.1

Cited by 76 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It can be shown that linear imaging of the redatumed data is equivalent to the imaging of primaries (Wapenaar et al, 2017). Hence, Marchenko imaging can also be interpreted as an internal multiple elimination process (Meles et al, 2015;van der Neut and Wapenaar, 2016;da Costa Filho et al, 2017). However, it has also been recently shown that novel imaging conditions can be derived for multiply reflected waves, given that a detailed model of the subsurface is available (Halliday and Curtis, 2010;Fleury and Vasconcelos, 2012;Ravasi et al, 2014Ravasi et al, , 2015b.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target-enclosed seismic imaging

et al. 2017

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Seismic reflection data can be redatumed to a specified boundary in the subsurface by solving an inverse (or multidimensional deconvolution) problem. The redatumed data can be interpreted as an extended image of the subsurface at the redatuming boundary, depending on the subsurface offset and time. We retrieve target-enclosed extended images by using two redatuming boundaries, which are selected above and below a specified target volume. As input, we require the upgoing and downgoing wavefields at both redatuming boundaries due to impulsive sources at the earth’s surface. These wavefields can be obtained from actual measurements in the subsurface, they can be numerically modeled, or they can be retrieved by solving a multidimensional Marchenko equation. As output, we retrieved virtual reflection and transmission responses as if sources and receivers were located at the two target-enclosing boundaries. These data contain all orders of reflections inside the target volume but exclude all interactions with the part of the medium outside this volume. The retrieved reflection responses can be used to image the target volume from above or from below. We found that the images from above and below are similar (given that the Marchenko equation is used for wavefield retrieval). If a model with sharp boundaries in the target volume is available, the redatumed data can also be used for two-sided imaging, where the retrieved reflection and transmission responses are exploited. Because multiple reflections are used by this strategy, seismic resolution can be improved significantly. Because target-enclosed extended images are independent on the part of the medium outside the target volume, our methodology is also beneficial to reduce the computational burden of localized inversion, which can now be applied inside the target volume only, without suffering from interactions with other parts of the medium.

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Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target-enclosed seismic imaging

et al. 2017

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“…Hence, the combination of Marchenko redatuming and multidimensional convolution can be interpreted as a migration-demigration process, similar to other IME schemes. By predicting internal multiples at various depth levels in the subsurface and redatuming them to the acquisition level, an IME scheme can be derived (Meles et al, 2015). Alternatively, we can retrieve primary reflections at each depth level and redatum them to the acquisition level .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, we avoid the migration-demigration process that is embedded in the approach of Meles et al (2015) by deriving an alternative Marchenko equation that can be evaluated directly at the acquisition level without a macro velocity model. Instead, we make use of a two-way traveltime surface of a single horizon that can be picked in the recorded data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive overburden elimination with the multidimensional Marchenko equation

2016

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Iterative substitution of the multidimensional Marchenko equation has been introduced recently to integrate internal multiple reflections in the seismic imaging process. In so-called Marchenko imaging, a macro velocity model of the subsurface is required to meet this objective. The model is used to back-propagate the data during the first iteration and to truncate integrals in time during all successive iterations. In case of an erroneous model, the image will be blurred (akin to conventional imaging) and artifacts may arise from inaccurate integral truncations. However, the scheme is still successful in removing artifacts from internal multiple reflections. Inspired by these observations, we rewrote the Marchenko equation, such that it can be applied early in a processing flow, without the need of a macro velocity model. Instead, we have required an estimate of the two-way traveltime surface of a selected horizon in the subsurface. We have introduced an approximation, such that adaptive subtraction can be applied. As a solution, we obtained a new data set, in which all interactions (primaries and multiples) with the part of the medium above the picked horizon had been eliminated. Unlike various other internal multiple elimination algorithms, the method can be applied at any specified target horizon, without having to resolve for internal multiples from shallower horizons. We successfully applied the method on synthetic data, where limitations were reported due to thin layers, diffraction-like discontinuities, and a finite acquisition aperture. A field data test was also performed, in which the kinematics of the predicted updates were demonstrated to match with internal multiples in the recorded data, but it appeared difficult to subtract them.

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“…The method enables one to create virtual sources at any position inside a medium, but a macrovelocity model that describes the kinematics of the wavefield is nevertheless necessary. Examples of its application for internal multiple removal are shown by Meles et al (2015) and Ravasi et al (2016). However, velocity errors in the model affect the method to various degrees (Thorbecke et al, 2013;de Ridder et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach to separate seismic time-lapse time shifts in the reservoir and overburden

et al. 2017

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For a robust way of estimating time shifts near horizontal boreholes, we have developed a method for separating the reflection responses above and below a horizontal borehole. Together with the surface reflection data, the method uses the direct arrivals from borehole data in the Marchenko method. The first step is to retrieve the focusing functions and the updown wavefields at the borehole level using an iterative Marchenko scheme. The second step is to solve two linear equations using a least-squares minimizing method for the two desired reflection responses. Then, the time shifts that are directly linked to the changes on either side of the borehole are calculated using a standard crosscorrelation technique. The method is applied with good results to synthetic 2D pressure data from the North Sea. One example uses purely artificial velocity changes (negative above the borehole and positive below), and the other example uses more realistic changes based on well logs. In the 2D case with an adequate survey coverage at the surface, the method is completely data driven. In the 3D case in which there is a limited number of horizontal wells, a kinematic correct velocity model is needed, but only for the volume between the surface and the borehole. Possible error factors related to the Marchenko scheme, such as an inaccurate source wavelet, imperfect surface multiples removal, and medium with loss are not included in this study.

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Internal multiple prediction and removal using Marchenko autofocusing and seismic interferometry

Cited by 76 publications

References 25 publications

Target-enclosed seismic imaging

Target-enclosed seismic imaging

Adaptive overburden elimination with the multidimensional Marchenko equation

A new approach to separate seismic time-lapse time shifts in the reservoir and overburden

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