With the ever increasing complexity of industrial systems, model-based control has encountered difficulties and is facing problems, while the interest in data-based control has been booming. This paper gives an overview of data-based control, which divides it into two subfields, intelligent modeling and direct controller design. In the two subfields, some important methods concerning data-based control are intensively investigated. Within the framework of data-based modeling, main modeling technologies and control strategies are discussed, and then fundamental concepts and various algorithms are presented for the design of a data-based controller. Finally, some remaining challenges are suggested.