Internal Mammary Nodes in Invasive Breast Carcinoma

Grabenbauer, Gerhard G.

doi:10.1007/s00066-004-9193-0

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Some studies suggested no survival differences attributable to IMN treatment [12,26]. Others series reported rare recurrences when the IMN were treated, either by surgery [53] or radiotherapy [36], and that survival may be improved with IMN irradiation [13,19,56]. Randomized trials of extended mastectomy removing the IMN and randomized trials of radiotherapy targeting the IMN have not demonstrated significant effect of IMN treatments on survival [16,22].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Adjuvant Radiotherapy on Mortality Differs According to Primary Tumor Location in Women with Node-Positive Breast Cancer

et al. 2009

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Medial tumor location is a significant adverse prognostic factor that should be considered in treatment decision- making for women with ALN+ BC. Improved survival was observed with radiotherapy use in all subgroups, except in women with medial tumors with > or = 4 ALN+ treated with postmastectomy radiotherapy. These findings raise concern that the favorable effect of radiotherapy may be offset by excess toxicities in the latter subgroup.

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Adjuvant Radiotherapy on Mortality Differs According to Primary Tumor Location in Women with Node-Positive Breast Cancer

et al. 2009

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“…Despite the high positive rate, the dissection of IML nodes has not been taken seriously since the application of modified radical mastectomy in breast cancer treatment [24]. It was not until recent years, after the development of sentinel lymph node biopsy [37,38,39] and the application of lymphoscintigraphy [40] and thoracoscopic technology [41], that the importance of the IML nodes was again recognized [42,43]. In our analysis, the positive rate of IML nodes was high (23%), suggesting that knowing the status of the IML nodes is essential for accurate tumor staging and for the selection of appropriate chemotherapy and radiotherapy to improve the patients' survival.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Meta-Analysis of Internal Mammary Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer Patients

Gu²,

Tong

et al. 2013

Onkologie

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Background: Knowing the status of the internal mammary lymph (IML) nodes is important for accurate staging and appropriate selection of subsequent treatment in breast cancer. We conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the rate of IML node metastasis in breast cancer patients and discussed the importance of this finding. Methods: We retrieved articles from the literature that reported positive rates of IML node metastasis in breast cancer patients. The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the ‘Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies'. The heterogeneity was tested, and publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot. Finally, the positive rate of IML node metastasis in breast cancer patients was calculated using the random-effects model. Results: 15 articles met the inclusion criteria and a total of 4,248 patients were included in the analysis. Heterogeneity across the studies was statistically significant (p = 0.014); thus, the random-effects model was used and the calculated positive rate of IML node metastasis was 23% (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.21-0.25). Conclusions: Approximately 23% of the breast cancer patients had IML node metastases, for which the prognosis is generally poor. Accurate staging and integrated treatment are necessary to improve the survival of these patients.

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“…At present, there is no general agreement on the necessity of regional nodal irradiation (RNI) [6,7,18,19]. Until recently, there has been limited information with regard to locoregional and distant failure rates for breast cancer patients (one to three positive nodes) with or without extracapsular extension (ECE) and the decision to routinely use nodal fields in ECE-positive patients remains a controversial one [19,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postoperative Irradiation in Breast Cancer Patients with One to Three Positive Axillary Lymph Nodes

Stranzl

Ofner

Peintinger³

2006

Strahlenther Onkol

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Internal Mammary Nodes in Invasive Breast Carcinoma

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

The Effect of Adjuvant Radiotherapy on Mortality Differs According to Primary Tumor Location in Women with Node-Positive Breast Cancer

The Effect of Adjuvant Radiotherapy on Mortality Differs According to Primary Tumor Location in Women with Node-Positive Breast Cancer

A Meta-Analysis of Internal Mammary Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer Patients

Postoperative Irradiation in Breast Cancer Patients with One to Three Positive Axillary Lymph Nodes

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