Internal mammary artery-to-vein fistula diagnosed by multidetector computed tomography angiography

An Adult Case of Internal Mammary Arterio-Venous Fistula

“…In one case, the etiology was described as a complication of pacemaker implantation 1). Kirke et al2) reported a case of internal mammary artery to vein fistula arising from a puncture by a wire during sternal closure after an aortic valve replacement. To date, there have been no reports of a congenital internal mammary artery to vein fistula.…”

“…These murmurs might be louder than expected because the fistula exists in anterior chest very close to the surface. Some patients had signs of congestive heart failure and others had no symptoms 1)2). While the natural history of small internal mammary artery fistulas is not well known, embolization is usually recommended due to the potential risks of infection and degeneration 4).…”