Internal Kinematics of the Tongue During Feeding in Pigs

Shcherbatyy, Volodymyr; Liu, Zi Jun

doi:10.1002/ar.20582

Cited by 13 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…All four animals ate pig chow vigorously, but only one animal was willing to drink water under experimental setting. Stereotyped and rhythmic volumetric changes, which significantly differed from the baseline volume ( P < 0·001), were found during both chewing and ingestion episodes similar to dimensional changes described elsewhere (13). Waves of volumetric change were more regular during chewing than during ingestion (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…An ingestion sequence had consecutive 2–8 cycles with fast and steady rhythm and the behaviour change was clearly recognizable by a visual inspection. A transitional period occurred between chewing and ingestion sequences and was irregular and less rhythmic with a few extended cycles (13). Water was also offered through a clear glass container during or after masticatory sequences to record drinking sequences.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional volumetric change of the tongue during mastication in pigs

Liu¹,

Yamamura²,

Shcherbatyy³

et al. 2008

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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Structure and movement of the tongue have been studied extensively, but little study has been carried on its 3D deformation and ensuing volumetric changes during various functions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the volumetric changes of a regional section of the tongue during feeding. Four 12-week-old Yucatan miniature pigs were used. During natural mastication and water drinking, the width, length, thickness and volumetric changes were measured using six implanted ultrasonic crystals, which circumscribed a wedge-shaped volume in the region of the tongue body. Jaw movements were videotaped and digitized. Signals from these two sources were synchronized to allow real-time analyses. Significant volumetric changes (P < 0.001) were found in chewing, ingestion and drinking, and these changes were stereotypical in relation to rhythmic jaw movements. Volumetric change during chewing was not only more regular, but significantly larger (45.6%, P < 0.001) than that during ingestion (31.4%). The volumetric changes were less regular in drinking and the changing range (30.4%) was close to that during ingestion. Real-time analysis indicated that the volume began increasing at late jaw closing and reached the peak at late power stroke. The increase in duration of volume only took up 33.4% of the total chewing cycle length; significantly shorter than that of volume decrease. Correlation analysis revealed that the change in posterior dorsal and ventral widths had the greatest positive association with volumetric change (r = 0.43) in direction. The covariance calculations further indicated that dimensional changes in length and thickness coupled negatively with volumetric changes in amplitude. These results revealed that regional volumetric change of the tongue occurs during feeding and chewing requires larger volumetric changes than do ingestion and drinking. Volumetric expansion occurs in the phase of power stroke during chewing and is coupled with increases in widths in the direction and with decreases of thickness and length in the amplitude. The results further suggested that the regional volumetric expansion may play the determinant role in functional load production on its surrounding tissues, and may also imply that neuromuscular control of the tongue is region-specific, a notion incompatible with traditional scheme of categorizing muscle function in the tongue.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional volumetric change of the tongue during mastication in pigs

Liu¹,

Yamamura²,

Shcherbatyy³

et al. 2008

J of Oral Rehabilitation

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“…Only one animal (#416) drank liquid (orange juice) during the sessions. Drinking, as in other studies,20–22 occurred by suction. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…The orbicularis oris is especially important during drinking, which occurs by suction through tightly pursed lips. Similarly, the lips, especially the lower, are involved in picking up particulate food as it is gathered, aiding the tongue 20,21. However, the lips and orbicularis oris are apparently not essential for mastication, judging from the irregular activity seen in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

The buccinator during mastication: A functional and anatomical evaluation in minipigs

Dutra

Cária

Rafferty

et al. 2010

Archives of Oral Biology

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Objective-The buccinator muscle forms the lateral wall of the oral cavity. It is presumed to aid mastication by maintaining bolus position. Such a function would involve thickening the cheek, possibly compressing the alveolar bone and contributing to malocclusions. However, neither buccinator deformation nor its effect on pressure has been demonstrated. Our objective was to evaluate buccinator EMG during feeding, its changes in length and thickness, and the pressure exerted on its alveolar attachment, using miniature pigs as an animal model. Methods-EMGof the buccinator and other oral muscles was recorded with fine-wire electrodes. Anteroposterior length and mediolateral thickness of the buccinator were evaluated with implanted sonomicrometry crystals, and pressure was measured by flat transducers placed beneath the mandibular origin of the buccinator. Recordings were made during feeding and muscle stimulation. Tissues were collected postmortem for histology.Results-During mastication, buccinator EMG showed regular peaks that preceded those of the jaw closers. Pattern differences clearly distinguished working and balancing sides. The buccinator shortened and thickened when it contracted. Positive pressures were observed at the mandibular attachment of the buccinator, increasing when the muscle was active. Histological evaluation showed a complex interweaving of fibers closely associated with salivary tissue.Conclusions-Buccinator contraction does thicken the cheek, and during mastication this activity takes place just as the closing stroke begins. In addition to controlling the bolus, there may be an effect on salivation. Despite the fact that the muscle pulls on its attachment, the local mechanical environment at the alveolar bone is one of positive pressure.

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“…The human tongue muscle genioglossus (GG) is active in speech, swallowing, respiration and oral transport, behaviors that encompass a wide range of tongue shapes and movement speeds (Cheng, Peng, Chiou, & Tsai, 2002; Hirose & Kirtani, 1979; Napadow, Chen, Wedeen, & Gilbert, 1999; Shcherbaty & Liu, 2007; Tasko, Kent, & Westbury, 2002). Recent studies also demonstrate that motor units in the human GG exhibit a wide diversity of activation patterns, including differential modulation during inspiration and expiration (e.g., Bailey, Fridel, & Rice, 2007a; Saboisky et al, 2006; Wilkinson et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myosin Heavy Chain Composition of the Human Genioglossus Muscle

Daugherty

Luo

Sokoloff

2012

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Background The human tongue muscle genioglossus (GG) is active in speech, swallowing, respiration and oral transport, behaviors encompassing a wide range of tongue shapes and movement speeds. Studies demonstrate substantial diversity in patterns of human GG motor unit activation but whether this is accompanied by complex expression of muscle contractile proteins is not known. Purpose We tested for conventional myosin heavy chain MHCI, MHCIIA, MHCIIX, developmental MHCembryonic and MHCneonatal and unconventional MHCαcardiac, MHCextraocular and MHCslow tonic in antero-superior (GG-A) and posterior (GG-P) adult human GG. Method SDS-PAGE, Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to describe MHC composition of GG-A and GG-P and the prevalence of muscle fiber MHC phenotypes in GG-A. Results: By SDS-PAGE, only conventional MHC are present with ranking from most to least prevalent MHCIIA>MHCI>MHCIIX in GG-A and MHCI>MHCIIA>MHCIIX in GG-P. By immunohistochemistry many muscle fibers contain MHCI, MHCIIA and MHCIIX but few contain developmental or unconventional MHC. GG-A is composed of five phenotypes (MHCIIA>MHCI-IIX>MHCI>MHCI-IIA>MHCIIX). Phenotypes MHCI, MHCIIA and MHCI-IIX account for 96% of muscle fibers. Conclusions Despite activation of GG during kinematically diverse behaviors and complex patterns of GG motor unit activity, the human GG is composed of conventional MHC isoforms and three primary MHC phenotypes.

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Internal Kinematics of the Tongue During Feeding in Pigs

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Regional volumetric change of the tongue during mastication in pigs

Regional volumetric change of the tongue during mastication in pigs

The buccinator during mastication: A functional and anatomical evaluation in minipigs

Myosin Heavy Chain Composition of the Human Genioglossus Muscle

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