Internal geometry of woven composite laminates with “fuzzy” carbon nanotube grafted fibers

Aravand, Mohammadali; Shishkina, Oksana; Straumit, Ilya; Liotta, Andrew H.; Wicks, Sunny S.; Wardle, Brian L.; Lomov, Stepan Vladimirovitch; Gorbatikh, Larissa

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.06.010

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The fibers are then introduced to ethylene gas at 350 sccm for 3 mins to deposit aligned MWCNTs that are approximately 19 µm long. Additional details of MWCNT growth and composite manufacture have been discussed elsewhere [23], [25], [50], [51]. Prior to resin infusion, the fiber stack is kept at about 150 °C for approximately two hours under vacuum conditions (740 mm Hg) to remove any residual moisture content.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, CVD growth of the CNTs increases the spacing between individual fibers and increases the area of the tow cross-section. This results in a lower volume fraction of resin pockets between fiber tows and textile layers with CNTs bridging the inter- and intra-ply regions within the composite [23]. Even at a low CNT volume fraction (approximately 1 % by volume), the electrical conductivity of composites can be improved by up to 6 orders of magnitude [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both these requirements are well satisfied in the case of aluminoborosilicate fibers, which can withstand the harsh growth conditions encountered during the CVD process and support 3-D CNT growth [26]. These fibers have been previously used to understand several aspects of the hierarchical CNT composites including manufacture and processing ([23], [50]), physical properties ([21], [24], [25], and [28]), and resin infusion. Hence, despite having lower mechanical properties than commercially relevant fibers (glass and carbon), this aluminoborosilicate fiber system is useful for investigating the aging characteristics of the hierarchical CNT composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced durability of carbon nanotube grafted hierarchical ceramic microfiber-reinforced epoxy composites

Krishnamurthy

Hunston

Forster

et al. 2017

Carbon

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As carbon nanotube (CNT) infused hybrid composites are increasingly identified as next-generation aerospace materials, it is vital to evaluate their long-term structural performance under aging environments. In this work, the durability of hierarchical, aligned CNT grafted aluminoborosilicate microfiber-epoxy composites (CNT composites) are compared against baseline aluminoborosilicate composites (baseline composites), before and after immersion in water at 25 °C (hydro) and 60 °C (hydrothermal), for extended durations (90 d and 180 d). The addition of CNTs is found to reduce water diffusivities by approximately 1.5 times. The mechanical properties (bending strength and modulus) and the damage sensing capabilities (DC conductivity) of CNT composites remain intact regardless of exposure conditions. The baseline composites show significant loss of strength (44 %) after only 15 d of hydrothermal aging. This loss of mechanical strength is attributed to fiber-polymer interfacial debonding caused by accumulation of water at high temperatures. In situ acoustic and DC electrical measurements of hydrothermally aged CNT composites identify extensive stress-relieving micro-cracking and crack deflections that are absent in the aged baseline composites. These observations are supported by SEM images of the failed composite cross-sections that highlight secondary matrix toughening mechanisms in the form of CNT pullouts and fractures which enhance the service life of composites and maintain their properties under accelerated aging environments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced durability of carbon nanotube grafted hierarchical ceramic microfiber-reinforced epoxy composites

Krishnamurthy

Hunston

Forster

et al. 2017

Carbon

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“…Current methods for producing CNT-grafted fibers (also known as hairy [3,14,15] or fuzzy fibers [6,13,16]) tend to produce excessively long grafted CNTs. In addition, the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis is typically limited to small scale batch processing due to the need for high temperatures (>500 °C) and flammable gases (carbon feedstock, hydrogen).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10] Another motivation for including CNTs in composites is to create a conductive network which can be used for in-situ damage detection. [11,12] Mechanical properties of CFRCs, and hierarchical composites, are primarily determined by fiber volume fractions; grafting long CNTs onto the fiber surfaces increase fiber-fiber separation [13] resulting in a reduced fiber packing. An "ideal" perpendicular CNT grafting length can therefore be suggested, which does not affect the fiber volume fraction ( Figure 1 and supplementary information (SI) S1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous carbon nanotube synthesis on charged carbon fibers

Anthony

Sui

Kellersztein

et al. 2018

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

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Carbon nanotube grafted carbon fibers (CNT-g-CFs) were prepared continuously, spool to spool, via thermal CVD. The application of an in-situ potential difference (300 V), between the fibers and a cylindrical graphite foil counter electrode, enhanced the growth, producing a uniform coverage of carbon nanotubes with diameter ca. 10 nm and length ca. 125 nm. Single fiber tensile tests show that this approach avoids the significant reduction of the underlying carbon fiber strengths, which is usually associated with CVD grafting processes. Single fiber fragmentation tests in epoxy, with in-situ video fragment detection, demonstrated that the CNT-g-CFs have the highest interfacial shear strength reported for such systems (101 ± 5 MPa), comparable to state-of-the-art sizing controls (103 ± 8 MPa).Single fiber pull-out data show similar trends. The short length of the grafted CNTs is particularly attractive for retaining the volume fraction of the primary fibers in composite applications.

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Superior electrical, mechanical and viscoelastic properties of CNTs coated carbon textile reinforced phenolic composite for high‐performance structural applications

Kumar

Kar

Dasgupta

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In the present study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown up on nickelcoated carbon textiles utilizing acetylene gas as a carbon precursor in an isothermal CVD reactor. The effects of CNT coating time (0 to 25 min) in the carbon textile-phenolic composites (CPCs) prepared via conventional hand-layup technique followed by compression molding were assessed using microstructures, static and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, density and electrical properties. Significant improvement was observed in static as well as dynamic mechanical properties and electrical properties for all the CNT coated samples. Though, 15 min coating time gives the optimum results. The results showed 71, 74, 62, 67, 38, and 45% increment in storage modulus, loss modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, Young's modulus, respectively. Furthermore, huge improvement (707%) in electrical conductivity and significant enrichment in thermal stability mark CNTs coated carbon textile as the efficient alternative reinforcement for high-performance thermo-structural applications such as aerospace and automotive fields.

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Internal geometry of woven composite laminates with “fuzzy” carbon nanotube grafted fibers

Cited by 29 publications

References 36 publications

Enhanced durability of carbon nanotube grafted hierarchical ceramic microfiber-reinforced epoxy composites

Enhanced durability of carbon nanotube grafted hierarchical ceramic microfiber-reinforced epoxy composites

Continuous carbon nanotube synthesis on charged carbon fibers

Superior electrical, mechanical and viscoelastic properties of CNTs coated carbon textile reinforced phenolic composite for high‐performance structural applications

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