Internal Erosion and Fluidisation of Granular Materials - A Review

Continuum-Based Approach to Model Particulate Soil–Water Interaction: Model Validation and Insight into Internal Erosion

“…The results in Figure 7 show the physical deformation of the sand bed compared to the photographs taken for the corresponding inflow values in the experiment [9]. It can be seen that the model could capture the basic characteristics of the bed deformation to a good extent.…”

“…Approaching the problem of internal erosion around a leaking source (Figure 2) is particularly challenging since the compromised soil is not visible in contrast to backward erosion resulting from high exit gradients [9]. From a theoretical point of view, the problem poses further challenges to accurately determine the velocities and pressure in the vicinity of an orifice with exit blockage.…”

“…An example of this is sand surface boiling as a water jet of high velocity penetrates through the sand bed. The experimental results reported by Alsaydalani [9] included a qualitative description of surface boiling in a shallow sand bed. The experimental setup and simulation parameters were the same as those used previously, except for the sand bed height and slot opening, which were reduced to 150 mm and 0.33 mm, respectively.…”

“…Analyzing internal fluidization requires access to information related to the micromechanics of the system and resolving the particle-fluid interaction. Several attempts have been made to investigate these interactions experimentally [9][10][11], numerically [2,12], and using simplified analytical models [13,14]. Given the limited flexibility of experimental and analytical solutions in obtaining microscale information and dealing with a wide range of initial and boundary conditions, numerical analysis is mostly adopted.…”