Internal dose of vanadium in rats following repeated exposure to vanadyl sulfate and sodium orthovanadate via drinking water

NTP Technical Report on the Toxicity Studies of Sodium Metavanadate (CASRN 13718-26-8) and Vanadyl Sulfate (CASRN 27774-13-6) Administered in Drinking Water to Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley® SD®) Rats and B6C3F1/N Mice

“…40 This pattern of higher concentrations of vanadium in plasma and urine from V 5+ exposure compared to V 4+ was also seen in shorter-term studies conducted as part of a National Toxicology Program (NTP) research program. 73 In mice, total vanadium intake did not seem to dictate the level at which an effect occurred. For both male and female mice, histopathology effects were observed at different calculated vanadium doses when comparing test articles (e.g., in female mice, the vanadyl sulfate LOEL for histopathology was 2.6 mg vanadium/kg/day versus the sodium metavanadate LOEL that was 5.6 mg vanadium/kg/day).…”

Evaluation of immunotoxicity of sodium metavanadate following drinking water exposure in female B6C3F1/N mice in a 28‐day study

“…Vanadium is a transition metal found naturally in about 65 minerals and fossil fuel deposits, including crude oil and coal (Anke, 2004; Pearson & Green, 1992; Roberts et al, 2016). Because of its high tensile strength, stability against acids, alkalis, and corrosion, and multiple oxidation states, vanadium is used industrially to produce aluminum and steel alloys, as a chemical catalyst, and in commercial energy storage (Barceloux, 1999; Domingo, 1996; Harrington et al, 2021; Joerissen et al, 2004; Rychcik & Skyllas‐Kazacos, 1988; Ścibior et al, 2020). Vanadium is released into the environment through industrial waste and burning of fossil fuels (Anke, 2004; Domingo, 1996; Roberts et al, 2016).…”

“…Vanadium is released into the environment through industrial waste and burning of fossil fuels (Anke, 2004; Domingo, 1996; Roberts et al, 2016). Human exposure occurs through inhalation of fumes and dust from vanadium compounds in the workplace and ingestion of dietary supplements and contaminated food and water (Barceloux, 1999; Domingo, 1996; Harrington et al, 2021; Roberts et al, 2016). The tetravalent (V 4+ ) form of vanadium is the predominant species intracellularly, while the pentavalent (V 5+ ) form predominates extracellularly (Barceloux, 1999).…”