Abstract:In obstructive jaundice condition, goblet cells and MUC2 were reduced which were involved in the damage of intestinal mucosa barrier; biliary drainage increased goblet cells and MUC2, repaired mucosa layer and restored the intestinal mucosa barrier function.
“…Except for these factors, the reason for the same clinical efficacy in the PTCD group following a higher technique success rate could be explained by the fact that ERCP has a better effect on bile drainage. Internal bile drainage is more favorable for bile acid excretion ( 21 ). Oral administration of the lost bile from PTCD significantly shortened the time for total bilirubin to return to normal levels in the blood ( 22 ).…”
To compare the safety and efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) in the treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice, a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies was undertaken to assess the differences between the two procedures in terms of efficacy and safety. From November 2000 to November 2022, the Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice with ERCP or PTCD. Two investigators independently assessed the quality of the included studies and extracted the data. Six RCTs, including 407 patients, were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the overall technical success rate in the ERCP group was significantly lower than that in the PTCD group (Z=3.19, P=0.001, OR=0.31 (95% CI: 0.15-0.64)), but with a higher overall procedure-related complication incidence rate (Z=2.57, P=0.01, OR=0.55 (95% CI: 0.34-0.87)). The incidence of procedure-related pancreatitis in the ERCP group was higher than that in the PTCD group (Z=2.80, P=0.005, OR=5.29 (95% CI: 1.65-16.97)), and the differences were statistically significant. No significant difference was observed between the two groups when the clinical efficacy, postoperative cholangitis, and bleeding rate were compared.Both treatments for malignant obstructive jaundice were efficacious and safe. However, the PTCD group had a greater technique success rate and a lower incidence of postoperative pancreatitis.The present meta-analysis has been registered in PROSPERO
“…Except for these factors, the reason for the same clinical efficacy in the PTCD group following a higher technique success rate could be explained by the fact that ERCP has a better effect on bile drainage. Internal bile drainage is more favorable for bile acid excretion ( 21 ). Oral administration of the lost bile from PTCD significantly shortened the time for total bilirubin to return to normal levels in the blood ( 22 ).…”
To compare the safety and efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) in the treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice, a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies was undertaken to assess the differences between the two procedures in terms of efficacy and safety. From November 2000 to November 2022, the Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice with ERCP or PTCD. Two investigators independently assessed the quality of the included studies and extracted the data. Six RCTs, including 407 patients, were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the overall technical success rate in the ERCP group was significantly lower than that in the PTCD group (Z=3.19, P=0.001, OR=0.31 (95% CI: 0.15-0.64)), but with a higher overall procedure-related complication incidence rate (Z=2.57, P=0.01, OR=0.55 (95% CI: 0.34-0.87)). The incidence of procedure-related pancreatitis in the ERCP group was higher than that in the PTCD group (Z=2.80, P=0.005, OR=5.29 (95% CI: 1.65-16.97)), and the differences were statistically significant. No significant difference was observed between the two groups when the clinical efficacy, postoperative cholangitis, and bleeding rate were compared.Both treatments for malignant obstructive jaundice were efficacious and safe. However, the PTCD group had a greater technique success rate and a lower incidence of postoperative pancreatitis.The present meta-analysis has been registered in PROSPERO
“…Seromucous glands produce mucus, but also secrete antibacterial proteins for immune defence [ 55 ]. In addition to that, mucus is also secreted by goblet cells as previously described in the gut [ 3 , 56 ]. Up to now, there is not much known about the glands in the respiratory mucosa.…”
The blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier are major obstacles in central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery, since they block most molecules from entering the brain. Alternative drug delivery routes like intraparenchymal or intrathecal are invasive methods with a remaining risk of infections. In contrast, nose-to-brain delivery is a minimally invasive drug administration pathway, which bypasses the blood-brain barrier as the drug is directed from the nasal cavity to the brain. In particular, the skull base located at the roof of the nasal cavity is in close vicinity to the CNS. This area is covered with olfactory mucosa. To design and tailor suitable formulations for nose-to-brain drug delivery, the architecture, structure and physico-chemical characteristics of the mucosa are important criteria. Hence, here we review the state-of-the-art knowledge about the characteristics of the nasal and, in particular, the olfactory mucosa needed for a rational design of intranasal formulations and dosage forms. Also, the information is suitable for the development of systemic or local intranasal drug delivery as well as for intranasal vaccinations.
“…18 Additionally, PTDB is associated with important drawbacks, such as the need for 2 procedures for internalization or external drain, alteration of quality of life, or damage of intestinal mucosa barrier when internalization is not possible. 19 Lastly, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage could increase the risk of peritoneal recurrence and jeopardize the oncologic outcome of the PD. 5 That is probably why, in the daily clinical practice, endoscopic drainage, when available, is preferred.…”
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