Internal Ballistics of a Boron-Containing Solid Fuel Ramjet

Kadosh, Hertzel; Natan, Benveniste

doi:10.1080/00102202.2020.1755276

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Boron, as a solid fuel additive, has extremely high-density specific impulse and heat value [12,13]. However, in the application of solid scramjet, the combustion efficiency of boron particles is greatly limited due to the very short residence time in the combustor [14][15][16]. Therefore, how to improve the residence time and mixing efficiency of boron particles, improve the combustion efficiency, and release more combustion enthalpy in a finite scale have become the focus of current research [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Solid Rocket Scramjet Based on Central Strut

Zeng,

Wang,

Huang

et al. 2024

Aerospace

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Scramjet based on solid propellant has become a potential choice for the development of future hypersonic vehicles. In this paper, a boron-containing solid rocket scramjet based on the central strut injection was proposed, and the ground direct-connect experiment with the equivalence ratios of 0.43 to 2.4 under the flight condition of Mach 6, 25 km was carried out. The pressure and flow rate over time were measured in the experiment. The results show that the engine can realize stable supersonic mode or subsonic mode combustion by changing the gas flow rate. The engine can effectively increase the combustor pressure, reduce the unstable combustion time, and advance the strong combustion position by increasing the gas flow rate. The engine achieved high combustion efficiency when the equivalence ratio was about 1, with a maximum of 88.28%. A numerical simulation analysis was also carried out in this paper. Compared to the experimental results, the pressure error obtained by numerical simulation was less than 4%, and the typical position error was less than 3%, suggesting that the simulation model can be used to predict the behavior of scramjet.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of Solid Rocket Scramjet Based on Central Strut

Zeng,

Wang,

Huang

et al. 2024

Aerospace

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“…Many researchers have studied the ignition and combustion properties of boron in the SFRJ environment [5,[16][17][18][19]. A molten oxide layer that forms around boron particles and acts as a barrier between the boron and local oxygen causes ignition difficulties during the initial phase of combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the potential of boron carbide in enhancing energy output of solid fuels for SFRJ and hybrid rocket propulsion systems

Nithya Mahottamananda,

Pal,

Alay Hashim

et al. 2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Boron carbide (B4C) is known for its exceptional hardness and high energy release during combustion, despite its ignition processes presents considerable challenges. This study focuses on exploring the potential of B4C as an enhancer for the energy output of solid fuels designed for hybrid rocket engines (HRE) or solid fuel ramjets (SFRJ). This study presents the successful incorporation of B4C and fluorinated PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) polymer into the HTPB (hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene) fuel matrix, aiming to enhance the ignition, combustion, and regression rate performance of solid fuel. Five different fuel compositions were formulated with varying mass ratios of B4C, and their post‐combustion products were characterized using XRD (X‐ray diffraction), HRSEM (high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy), and EDS (energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy) techniques. The HRSEM‐EDS analysis confirmed a uniform dispersion of B4C/PTFE additives throughout the HTPB matrix. To evaluate the combustion behavior of the B4C/PTFE additives, an opposite flow burner was employed with a gaseous oxygen oxidizer. The F4 fuel sample, loaded with B4C/PTFE (10/20), exhibited an average regression rate increase ranging from 0.61 to 1.15 mm/s when evaluated within the oxidizer flux range of 36–77 kg/m2s, in comparison to that of pure HTPB (0.4 mm/s to 0.76 mm/s). The ignition delay time was investigated as a key parameter affected by the B4C concentration in the solid fuel formulations. Furthermore, a comprehensive combustion mechanism is proposed and discussed for B4C/PTFE loaded in the HTPB matrix under an oxygen environment.

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“…Also, the stagnation reduction would result in the condensation enhancement. That enhanced condensation is, in particular, preferred in propulsion applications in order to shift the process from the nozzle toward the combustor, which leads to increase of the condensation energy contribution to the system thrust 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental insight into critical phenomena in condensation growth of nanoparticles in a flame

Altman

Fomenko

Agranovski

2022

Sci Rep

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The paper deals with the gas-phase formation of nanoparticles that is a fundamental process responsible for the condensed matter in the Universe, which also attracts attention due to its involvement in the particle synthesis for various nanotechnology applications. Previously reported results on MgO nano-oxides formed by Mg combustion showed a unique phenomenon coined “the condensation stagnation” that is the occurrence of critical clusters with suppressed growth. Here we focus on the effect of an external ionizer on this condensation growth stagnation. We show that the condensation stagnation occurring in the Mg particle flame subjected to a positive ion flux is similar to that in the unaffected flame. In contrast, applying negative charging significantly influences the state of stagnation of the system, i.e., no critical clusters are observed in the products sampled from the flame. The discovered critical behavior of the state of stagnation is explained in terms of the heat transfer between the condensed MgO nanoparticles and the surrounding gas, which efficiency depends on the sign of the nanoparticle charge. This dependence of the heat transfer efficiency on the nanoparticle charge is a new fundamental effect that should become the basis for accurate modeling in two-phase high-temperature systems.

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Internal Ballistics of a Boron-Containing Solid Fuel Ramjet

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Experimental Investigation of Solid Rocket Scramjet Based on Central Strut

Experimental Investigation of Solid Rocket Scramjet Based on Central Strut

Exploring the potential of boron carbide in enhancing energy output of solid fuels for SFRJ and hybrid rocket propulsion systems

Fundamental insight into critical phenomena in condensation growth of nanoparticles in a flame

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