Internal Antigen and Immune Network

Discrimination of the determinant specificity of two competitive Semliki Forest virus neutralizing monoclonal antibodies by anti-idiotypic antibodies

“…Subsequently 0.1 ml portions of nonabsorbed or absorbed rabbit anti-idiotypic serum, diluted in PBST, supplemented with 3.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA), were added to the wells and incubated for 1 h at 37 °C followed by careful rinsing of the wells with tapwater. [4,6,7]. Moreover, as suggested previously [3], the different neutralization pattern of SFV strains by MA UM 5.1 compared to that of MA UM 8.1 is compatible with the existence of separate determinants [3].…”

“…The amount of bound peroxidase was visualized by incubating the wells with 0.05 ml of a solution of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (Sigma Chemical Co.) and ureaperoxide (Organon Teknika, Boxtel, The Netherlands). After 30 min of incubation at room temperature, the enzyme reaction was stopped [4,6,7]. Therefore rabbits were injected with protein A Sepharose purified MAs UM 5.1 and UM 8.1 to induce anti-idiotypic antibodies against these MAs.…”

Antiidiotypic antibody vaccine in murine Schistosomiasis mansoni comprising the internal image of antigen.

“…The regulation of immune responses by these molecules is based on the complementary structural relationship between idiotype and antiidiotype, particularly when the relevant idio-type is in or near the antigen binding site. Specifically, antiidiotypic antibodies that are antigen binding site-related often portray the internal image of antigen (5)(6)(7). These internal image antiidiotypic antibodies stimulate the immune system in a similar fashion to antigen by mimicking its antigenic structure.…”

Immunoglobulin in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

“…Various possibilities should be considered, including nonspecific binding of immuno globulin molecules to Fc receptors on cells, particularly phagocytes, solubilization or enhanced removal of the immune complexes [2], modulation of the antibody response by anti-idiotypic antibody, which can be com pared to the 'internal image' of antigen [3], and substitu tion of specific antibodies. Of these hypotheses, the latter may best explain the mechanism in the cases described It should be mentioned that 1 g of IgG corresponds to approximately 4 x 1018 molecules and is able to recognize about 1 million or more different antigenic determinants [4], If our hypothesis about substitution of specific anti bodies is valid, why then do certain individuals lack sufficient antibodies against particular microbial anti gens?…”