Intermodulation products generated by a p-i-n diode switch

Sicotte, R.L.; Assaly, R.N.

doi:10.1109/proc.1968.6146

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…This value was adopted as the criterion for the switch design. 15,16,17 As indicated in Sec. III-B, if the diode is not located at the junction, the RF voltage across the diode is not the same as the RF voltage on the line.…”

Section: A Generalmentioning

confidence: 92%

Development of Uhf Switch for Les-6 Satellite

Assaly¹

1969

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A UHF switch matrix was developed for the LES-6 satellite to electronically despin the antenna beam as the satellite rotated on its axis. Initially, a study was carried out to determine the optimum antenna system and switch configuration for the constraints of satellite geometry and minimal complexity. Two such switch matrices, operated by logic circuits and sun and earth sensors, were used on the satellite, one to excite two adjacent of eight pairs of antenna dipoles, and the other to excite two adjacent of eight pairs of cavity-backed slots. The polarizations of the signals from the dipoles and slots are orthogonal and by adjusting the phase difference to 90°, the satellite will transmit and receive on right-hand circular polarization during normal operation. Furthermore, by squinting the beam formed by two element pairs +11. 25° or-11.25° from the center line of the element pairs, any of 16beams can be formed which are equally spaced in azimuth about the satellite. Each switch consists of three parts, namely, a hybrid to divide the input power into two equal parts, a 2P2T section which switches phase, and two SP4T sections to switch on two antenna pairs. The switch was built in strip transmission line using PIN diodes in series with the inner conductor as the switching element. In its development, a number of conflicting characteristics were required to be optimized. These include the RF characteristics such as VSWR, insertion loss, and isolation; thermal heating of the diodes which determine their reliability; and intermodulation products, switching noise, and random noise which can degrade the satellite receiver performance. It was also necessary to demonstrate that the switch was free from multipactor breakdown and could survive prolonged space radiation. Finally, it had to be proven that the switch had good reliability under the stresses of the rocket launch and through an expected 5-year life in orbit. A detailed discussion of the testing programs is given, as this type of information is not generally available in the open literature.

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Section: A Generalmentioning

confidence: 92%

Development of Uhf Switch for Les-6 Satellite

Assaly¹

1969

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“…For applications requiring VET or RET antennas, electromechanical phase shifters are preferentially implemented due 1 LME Cash Buyer Price: 4858.50 US$/tonne on 6 th July 2009, 1595.00 US$/tonne on 6 h July 1998. to the poor power handling and poor 3 rd order intermodulation products associated with PIN diode solutions [16].…”

Section: E Antenna Beam Steeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

An introduction to fibre-to-air for cellular applications

Peral-Rosado

Ortiz-Molina

Rigelsford

2009

2009 Loughborough Antennas &Amp; Propagation Conference

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This paper presents fibre-to-air, a new system for feeding radio frequency (RF) signals from either the base station controller (BSC) or base transceiver station (BTS) directly to the antenna element at the air interface. The proposed system has lower transmission losses and greater power efficiency than current state-of-the-art implementations. Other advantages include fast antenna main beam steering, reduced antenna weight, and reduced susceptibility to RF interference on the feeder network. Results are presented showing measured radiation patterns for a prototype fibre-to-air antenna and those of an electronically controllable optical phase shifter.

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VHF antenna systems for spin-stabilized satellites

Rosenthal

Devane

LaPage

1969

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Absfmcf-LincolnLaboratory has developed two circularly polarized VHF antenna systems for use on spin-stabilized satellites Both are described, and test results are discussed. One is a low-gain (3-dB) antenna with omnidirectional coverage in the equatorial plane. The second is a high-gain (IO-dB) antenna with a despun beam electronically scanned to always be Earth directed. Development of the component dipole and slot array elements is explained, and performance data are given for the final flight configuration. s I. INTRODCCTIOXATELLITES which are spin-stabilized require either omnidirectiond or despun antenna systems. Circular polarization is needed to overcome Faraday rotation and multipat,h effects which can cause severe reduct.ion in signal st.rengt.hs when t,ransnission is behveen t,he satellite and Earth. Two circularly polarized YHF antenna systems have been tested in space. One is omnidirectional, in a near-synchronous orbit,;the other is despun, in a synchronous orbit.. Both are reciprocal devices. transmit h g and receiving over several frequency bands simultmeously through a frequency multiplexer. Each system consists of two IinearlJ-pola,rized. orthogonal ant.enna arrays fed in phase quadrature to obtain circular polarizat.ion. For omnidirectional coverage a.11 the ant,enna elements in each array are fed in phase. In the despun system four elements in each arra-are fed at, any given t,ime to form a directive beam with nlaxinlum field normal to t,he spin a.xis. By elect.ronic sequentia,l swit.ching and the proper phasing, this beam is sca.nned t,hrough 16 equally spa.ced positions about the spin axis. Sensorcontrolled slvitching logic keeps the bea.m pointing to Earth as the sat,ellite rot.ates. GENERAL DESCRIPTIONAs can be seen in Figs. 1 and 2, bot.h satellites have t.he same general shape. This was maid. determined by t.he desired orbit,al behavior a,nd the a.vaila,ble volume on the launch vehicle. For a spin-stabilized satellite with spin axis perpendicular to t.he plane of a circular orbit., t,he most natural shape is a right-circular cylinder. Because of the relatively low operating frequencies t.he 1969. This work was sponsored by the U. S. Air Force.

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Intermodulation products generated by a p-i-n diode switch

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Development of Uhf Switch for Les-6 Satellite

Development of Uhf Switch for Les-6 Satellite

An introduction to fibre-to-air for cellular applications

VHF antenna systems for spin-stabilized satellites

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