Intermittent hypoxia and sympathetic activation: To constrict or not to constrict, that is the question

Jacob, Dain W.; Mascone, Sara E.

doi:10.1113/jp279534

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Circulating NE levels provides an estimate of sympathetic discharge [20]. Our findings indicate that 'IH stress' elevates circulating NE levels, probably via an increased sympathetic transduction [38,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Intermittent Hypoxia in Neonatal Rodents Affects Facial Bone Growth

Pae

Harper

2023

Preprint

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Preterm human infants often show periodic breathing (PB) or apnea of prematurity (AOP), breathing patterns which are accompanied by intermittent hypoxia (IH). We examined cause-effect relationships between transient IH and reduced facial bone growth using a rat model. Neonatal pups from 14 timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to an IH condition, with oxygen altering between 10% and 21% every 4 min for 1 h immediately after birth, or to a litter-matched control group. The IH pups were compared with their age- and sex-matched control groups in body weight (WT), size of facial bones and nor-epinephrine (NE) levels in blood at 3, 4, and 5-weeks. Markedly increased activity of osteoclasts in sub-condylar regions of 3-week-old IH-treated animals appeared, as well as increased numbers of sympathetic nerve endings in the same region of tissue sections. Male IH-pups showed significantly higher levels of NE levels in sera at 3, 4 as well as 5-week-old time points. NE levels in 4- and-5-weekold female pups did not differ significantly. Intercondylar Width, Mandible Length and Intermolar Width measures consistently declined after IH insults in 3- and 4-week-old male as well as female animals. Three-week-old male IH-pups only showed a significantly reduced (p < 0.05) body weight compared to those of 3-week controls. However, female IH-pups were heavier than age-matched controls at all 3 time-points. Trabecular bone configuration, size of facial bones, and metabolism are disturbed after an IH challenge 1 h immediately after birth. The findings raise the possibility that IH, introduced by breathing patterns such as PB or AOP, induce significantly impaired bone development and metabolic changes in human newborns. The enhanced NE outflow from IH exposure may serve a major role in deficient bone growth, and may affect bone and other tissue influenced by that elevation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Circulating NE levels provides an estimate of sympathetic discharge [20]. Our findings indicate that ‘IH stress’ elevates circulating NE levels, probably via an increased sympathetic transduction [38,39]. Thus, elevated blood levels of NE most likely lead to defective bones via dysregulated adrenergic signaling in bones [17,40,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Intermittent Hypoxia in Neonatal Rodents Affects Facial Bone Growth

Pae

Harper

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Circulating NE levels provides an estimate of sympathetic discharge [ 20 ]. Our findings indicate that ‘IH stress’ elevates circulating NE levels, probably via an increased sympathetic transduction [ 40 , 41 ]. Thus, elevated blood levels of NE most likely lead to defective bones via dysregulated adrenergic signaling in bones [ 17 , 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent hypoxia in neonatal rodents affects facial bone growth

Pae,

Harper

2023

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Preterm human infants often show periodic breathing (PB) or apnea of prematurity (AOP), breathing patterns which are accompanied by intermittent hypoxia (IH). We examined cause-effect relationships between transient IH and reduced facial bone growth using a rat model. Neonatal pups from 14 timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to an IH condition, with oxygen altering between 10% and 21% every 4 min for 1 h immediately after birth, or to a litter-matched control group. The IH pups were compared with their age- and sex-matched control groups in body weight (WT), size of facial bones and nor-epinephrine (NE) levels in blood at 3, 4, and 5-weeks. Markedly increased activity of osteoclasts in sub-condylar regions of 3-week-old IH-treated animals appeared, as well as increased numbers of sympathetic nerve endings in the same region of tissue sections. Male IH-pups showed significantly higher levels of NE levels in sera at 3, 4 as well as 5-week-old time points. NE levels in 4- and-5-week-old female pups did not differ significantly. Intercondylar Width, Mandible Length and Intermolar Width measures consistently declined after IH insults in 3- and 4-week-old male as well as female animals. Three-week-old male IH-pups only showed a significantly reduced (p < 0.05) body weight compared to those of 3-week controls. However, female IH-pups were heavier than age-matched controls at all 3 time-points. Trabecular bone configuration, size of facial bones, and metabolism are disturbed after an IH challenge 1 h immediately after birth. The findings raise the possibility that IH, introduced by breathing patterns such as PB or AOP, induce significantly impaired bone development and metabolic changes in human newborns. The enhanced NE outflow from IH exposure may serve a major role in deficient bone growth, and may affect bone and other tissue influenced by that elevation.

show abstract

Intermittent hypoxia and sympathetic activation: To constrict or not to constrict, that is the question

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Intermittent Hypoxia in Neonatal Rodents Affects Facial Bone Growth

Intermittent Hypoxia in Neonatal Rodents Affects Facial Bone Growth

Intermittent hypoxia in neonatal rodents affects facial bone growth

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