Interleukins and interleukin receptors in rheumatoid arthritis: Research, diagnostics and clinical implications

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease, resulting in a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder. It may affect many tissues and organs, but it primarily affects the flexible joints. In clinical practice patient care generates many questions about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. It is challenging for health care specialists to keep up to date with the medical literature. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, the polymorphisms of interleukin and interleukin genes and the standard available and possible future immunologic targets for RA treatment. The identification of diseaseassociated interleukin and interleukin receptor genes can provide precious insight into the genetic variations prior to disease onset in order to identify the pathways important for RA pathogenesis. The knowledge of the complex genetic background may prove useful for developing novel therapies and making personalized medicine based on the individual's genetics.

Molecular genetic investigation, clinical features, and response to treatment in 21 patients with Schnitzler syndrome

“…Quantifying circulating IL-1b is not practical: it is virtually undetectable in human plasma even in patients with active CAPS 22 ; but elevated levels of both IL-6 and IL-18 have been observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 23,24 Schnitzler syndrome, 20,25,26 and autoinflammatory diseases 27 and thus can be used as a sensitive marker of disease severity. IL-18, similar to IL-1b, requires processing by caspase-1 for its biological activation, whereas the production IL-6 is under tight control of IL-1b.…”

Assessment of the −174G/C (rs1800795) and −572G/C (rs1800796) Interleukin 6 Gene Polymorphisms in Egyptian Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

“…Serum and synovial fluid levels of IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptors (sIL6R) were found to be elevated in patients with RA [4]. IL-6 promotes the production of autoantibodies such as Rheumatoid Factor (RF) and Anti-Citrullinated Peptide Antibody (ACPA).…”

Interleukin 21 as a diagnostic marker of rheumatoid arthritis.

“…In 2017 Dinesh P et al 19 and reported role of IL-21 in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis, he also reported function of IL-21 in immune cells that promotes synovial destruction of cartilage and bone. Its involvement was also described in important signaling pathways.…”