Interleukin-8 stimulates the migration of human colonic epithelial cells in vitro

Wilson, Andrew J.; Byron, Keith; Gibson, Peter R.

doi:10.1042/cs19980351

Cited by 55 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We believe that the presence of such cytokines may promote the high percentage of neutrophils in human colostrum, important in counterbalancing the deficiency in newborns (3,23). Moreover, IL-8 has a trophic function in the developing human gut: this cytokine seems able to stimulate intestinal cell migration, proliferation and differentiation (11) and also protects intestinal cells against chemical injuries (12). IL-1O was detectable in most of the milk samples, as reported in literature (24)(25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Escherichia Coli Specific Secretory IgA and Cytokines in Human Milk from Mothers of Different Ethnic Groups Resident in Northern Italy

Ciardelli

Garofoli

Avanzini

et al. 2007

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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Breast milk supplies many bioactive components. Neonates protection from pathogenic bacteria is mainly attributable to secretory IgA antibodies present in human milk in an amount depending on previous antigenic exposure. To bring new details into the field of immunological memory in secretory immunity, we evaluated the production of s-IgA specific for E. coli (E. coli s-IgA), and of proinflammatory (IL-6 and IL-8) or anti-inflammatory (IL-IO) cytokines in the milk of mothers of different ethnic groups exposed in the past to poor conditions, but nowadays living in Italy in adequate conditions. Mothers from Italy, Africa, Asia and Eastern European Countries were included in the study. Anti-E. coli s-IgA, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-IO were determined by ELISA. Breast milk of all the foreign mothers presented higher levels of E. coli s-IgA than Italians, and for Asian and African mothers were significative (p=0.031 and p=0.015, respectively). Milk from women of Eastern European Countries revealed the highest IL-8 levels (p=0.026), while milk from Asian women presented the greatest concentration of IL-6 (p=0.04); however, the Africans reported the lowest concentrations of IL-IO (p=0.045). Since all the mothers had been living in Italy for some time, we believe that the presence of high levels of E.coli s-IgA, supported by high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine, is part of a persisting immunological secretory memory.Breast milk supplies newborns not only with nutrients, but also with very important bioactive components that modulate the immune response and ameliorate the development of the gastrointestinal tract. Breastfed infants develop less infections than bottle-fed infants and this is related to the different agents with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating action, unique to human milk (1-3). The protection of the newborn's intestinal and respiratory tract from pathogenic bacteria is also attributable to antibodies present in milk (4-5).In the so called entero-mammaric link, once antigens are presented to the mother's gut, the responding B cells switch to the production of IgA that, leaving the Peyer's patches, migrate to the mammary glands and passing through, appear in milk, stabilized by the secretory component (4).In human milk, secretory IgA (s-IgA) is the predominant isotype and acts as first line defence in mucosal areas of the infant (5-6) against the

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…In human milk, s-IgA work in synergy with other soluble components, like cytokines. It is known that IL-6 and IL-IO enhance IgA production, and IL-IO and IL-8 are very important for the intestinal development and for the response to pathogenic agents (11)(12)(13)(14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Escherichia Coli Specific Secretory IgA and Cytokines in Human Milk from Mothers of Different Ethnic Groups Resident in Northern Italy

Ciardelli

Garofoli

Avanzini

et al. 2007

Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol

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“…In vitro, rhIL-8/CXCL8 has a wide range of effects on cultured IEC (5,30,31). With evidence of autogenous secretion of IL-8/CXCL8, and the presence of its cognate receptors, we sought to confirm whether IL-8/CXCL8 completes an autocrine loop, as is known for some other cytokines such as the members of the epidermal growth factor cytokine subfamily (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-8/CXCL8 Forms an Autocrine Loop in Fetal Intestinal Mucosa

Maheshwari

Lacson

et al. 2004

Pediatr Res

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IL-8/CXC ligand (CXCL) 8 is ingested in high concentrationsby the human fetus/neonate with amniotic fluid and human milk, and is also produced constitutively by intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). We have shown that recombinant human IL-8/CXCL8 (rhIL-8/CXCL8) protects cultured IEC against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-␣ and cycloheximide-induced cytotoxicity. In view of its constitutive production, we hypothesized that IL-8/CXCL8 might play an autocrine role in fetal enterocyte maintenance. In this study, we measured IL-8/CXCL8 mRNA concentrations in fetal intestine (11-22 wk gestation), sought the presence of the protein by immunohistochemistry in fetal stomach and intestine (9 -24 wk), measured IL-8/CXCL8 in neonatal gastric secretions, and studied constitutive and stimulated IL-8/CXCL8 expression in cultured IEC. We found that IL-8/CXCL8 is consistently transcribed and expressed in fetal intestinal tissue, in a developmentally regulated inverse relationship with gestational maturation. The cognate receptors for IL-8/CXCL8 are also expressed abundantly in the fetal intestine, and, therefore, we sought to determine whether the expressed IL-8/CXCL8 would complete an autocrine loop. Neutralization of IL-8/CXCL8 resulted in increased cell death in cultured IEC in the presence of TNF-␣.This effect is specifically mediated through the CXCR2 receptors. We speculate that IL-8/CXCL8 secretion during cytotoxic stress reflects a cellular self-defense mechanism. The human fetus and the neonate ingest biologically significant concentrations of IL-8/CXCL8 in amniotic fluid and human milk (1-5). We have shown recently that IL-8/CXCL8 remains intact through in vitro simulations of neonatal gastric digestion, and that it has a wide range of effects on cultured IEC (5, 6). Several investigators have also demonstrated both constitutive and regulated IL-8/CXCL8 expression in cultured IEC and intestinal organ culture, with evidence that such secretion is dynamically influenced by other cytokines and peptide growth factors (7)(8)(9)(10)(11).In this study, we studied IL-8/CXCL8 expression in the fetal/neonatal intestine by several modalities, and attempted to identify relationships, if any, with gestational age and IEC differentiation. We have previously shown that both the cognate receptors for IL-8/CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2, are expressed in the fetal intestine as well as on several IEC lines. It is interesting that whereas TNF-␣ is a potent inducer of IL-8/CXCL8 secretion in IEC (7-11), its toxicity (in combination with cycloheximide) in these cells can be limited in vitro by rhIL-8/CXCL8 (5). We hypothesized that endogenously produced IL-8/CXCL8 plays an autocrine role in the intestinal mucosa with similar cytoprotective effects, and tested it in neutralization experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS IL-8/CXCL8 Expression

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“…It is important to note that gene products traditionally associated with acute inflammatory responses may also play roles in limiting inflammation and promoting tissue repair. For example, IL-8 has been shown to stimulate the migration of human colonic epithelial cells, necessary for repair of mucosal damage (53). Production of TNF in the intestine in response to TLR signaling has been shown to be associated with protection against chemically induced colitis (54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Exposure of the HT-29 Human Intestinal Epithelial Cell Line to TNF Causes Sustained Up-Regulation of the Polymeric Ig Receptor and Proinflammatory Genes through Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Mechanisms

Bruno

Kaetzel

2005

The Journal of Immunology

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Transport of IgA Abs across intestinal epithelial cells into gut secretions is mediated by the polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR). The cytokine TNF plays a central role in initiating and amplifying inflammatory reactions, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Acute exposure of intestinal epithelial cell lines to TNF has been shown to up-regulate transcription of genes encoding pIgR and a number of proinflammatory factors, but the effects of chronic exposure to TNF have not been studied. We found that exposure of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells to TNF for up to 20 days reduced the rate of cell proliferation, but did not cause gross morphological changes. Expression of mRNA encoding pIgR and several proinflammatory genes increased acutely, and then diminished but remained elevated above control levels throughout the experiment. Changes in gene expression were paralleled by increased expression of the transcription factors IFN regulatory factor-1 and the RelB subunit of NF-κB. HT-29 cells activated the endogenous TNF gene in response to TNF treatment, but the level of TNF production was insufficient to maintain pIgR and proinflammatory gene expression after withdrawal of exogenous TNF. Chronic exposure to TNF caused a marked increase in pIgR mRNA stability and a small but significant decrease in TNF mRNA stability, but no change in the half-lives of IL-8, c-Myc, and GAPDH. In summary, we observed different effects of acute vs chronic exposure to TNF on gene expression, and found evidence for transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of expression of the pIgR.

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Interleukin-8 stimulates the migration of human colonic epithelial cells in vitro

Cited by 55 publications

References 26 publications

Escherichia Coli Specific Secretory IgA and Cytokines in Human Milk from Mothers of Different Ethnic Groups Resident in Northern Italy

Escherichia Coli Specific Secretory IgA and Cytokines in Human Milk from Mothers of Different Ethnic Groups Resident in Northern Italy

Interleukin-8/CXCL8 Forms an Autocrine Loop in Fetal Intestinal Mucosa

Long-Term Exposure of the HT-29 Human Intestinal Epithelial Cell Line to TNF Causes Sustained Up-Regulation of the Polymeric Ig Receptor and Proinflammatory Genes through Transcriptional and Posttranscriptional Mechanisms

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