Interleukin-8 Is a Major Neutrophil Chemotactic Factor in Pleural Liquid of Patients with Empyema

Abstract

Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a potent neutrophil chemotactic peptide, has been found in association with human disease, but its contribution to chemotactic activity in humans is not yet known. We asked whether IL-8 is present in inflammatory human pleural effusions, and to what extent it contributes to pleural liquid neutrophil chemotactic activity. Because tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is a strong inducer of IL-8, we also asked whether TNF-alpha was present. For this prospective study, we collected pleural liquid from 51 patients (empyema, 14; parapneumonic, four; tuberculous, eight; malignant, nine; miscellaneous exudative, seven; and transudative, nine), counted pleural neutrophils, and measured IL-8 and TNF-alpha concentrations in the supernatant. To determine the contribution of IL-8 to chemotactic activity in empyema, we measured the neutrophil migration induced by empyemic liquids before and after addition of anti-IL-8 F(ab')2 antibody fragments or control anti-IL-6 F(ab')2. We found that IL-8 concentrations were higher in empyema (61.3 +/- 21.0 ng/ml [SEM]) than in all other effusions (1.1 +/- 0.5 ng/ml) (p = 0.0001). All empyema liquids had IL-8 concentrations above 2.5 ng/ml, which was true for only three of the other 37 effusions (two parapneumonic, one tuberculous). IL-8 levels correlated with the pleural neutrophil count (r = 0.46; p = 0.007) and the neutrophil chemotactic activity of pleural liquid (r = 0.43; p = 0.008). Anti-IL-8 antibodies decreased chemotactic activity in empyema liquids by 65 +/- 5%, whereas the control antibody had no effect (0 +/- 5% decrease) (p = 0.0005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide-78 recruits neutrophils into pleural effusion

“…Actually, it has been reported in earlier studies that IL-8 concentrations in infectious PE were much higher than those in PEs with any other causes, and that there was a significant positive correlation between pleural IL-8 concentrations and neutrophil counts [27,30]. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that IL-8 was a major neutrophil chemotactic factor in pleural liquid of patients with empyema [27,30].…”

“…Actually, it has been reported in earlier studies that IL-8 concentrations in infectious PE were much higher than those in PEs with any other causes, and that there was a significant positive correlation between pleural IL-8 concentrations and neutrophil counts [27,30]. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that IL-8 was a major neutrophil chemotactic factor in pleural liquid of patients with empyema [27,30]. Since ENA-78 and IL-8 exhibit different patterns of expression in cells, such as human monocytes and endothelial cells [20,24], the comparison of chemotactic activity between ENA-78 and IL-8 needs to be established in a future study.…”

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator in carcinomatous pleural fluid

“…Pleural fluid was defined as tuberculous by showing the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on culture of pleural fluid and/or sputa, or granulomas in the biopsied specimen of pleura, and with a favourable response to antituberculosis therapy [14]. Parapneumonic fluid was defined as that with a glucose concentration greater than 40 mg·dL -1 and with no organisms seen on Gram staining or found on culture of pleural fluid in patients with bacterial pneumonia [14]. All pleural fluids from patients with CHF were transudates and fluids from other diseases were exudates, using criteria with serum and pleural fluid protein and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) values [15].…”

Dansyl cadaverine regulates ligand induced endocytosis of interleukin‐8 receptor in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils

“…It belongs to the alpha-subfamily (C-X-C) of chemokine superfamily [1][2][3][4] and plays an important role in many immune and inflammatory responses. IL-8 has been reported to be present in high concentration in inflammatory exudates of a large number of neutrophil driven acute and chronic inflammatory diseases and upto 98% of neutrophil accumulation can be reduced by the addition ofmAbs of IL-8, suggesting IL-8 to be the principal chemokine responsible for chemoattraction of neutrophils in these diseases [5][6][7].…”