Interleukin 6 possibly induced by interleukin 1β in the pituitary gland stimulates the release of gonadotropins and prolactin

Yamaguchi, Masatoshi; Matsuzaki, Noboru; Hirota, Kenji; Miyake, Akira; Takahashi, Osamu

doi:10.1530/acta.0.1220201

Cited by 111 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…The enhanced production of estradiol observed in the testes of chronically infected mice could be the result of increased testicular aromatization produced by IL-6 and FSH interaction. IL-6 has been demonstrated to stimulate aromatase in breast cancer cells (27), and we found increased levels of IL-6 in mice chronically infected with cysticerci together with an enhanced expression in the testes. In addition, spleen lymphocytes from infected animals produced higher levels of IL-6 in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…The endocrine effects of this cytokine have been extensively demonstrated. For instance, it has been shown to stimulate the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in cultured pituitary cells (25), to enhance the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone through the stimulation of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone production in freely moving rats (26), and to stimulate the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland (27). On the other hand, IL-6 inhibits FSH-stimulated progesterone production by rat granulosa cells in vitro (28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunoendocrine Interactions During Chronic Cysticercosis Determine Male Mouse Feminization: Role of IL-6

Morales‐Montor

Baig

Mitchell

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

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Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis results in an impressive feminization in male mice during chronic infection, characterized by increased serum estradiol levels 100 times their normal values, while those of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are decreased by 85 and 95% respectively. Concomitantly, the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and IL-6 are increased 70 and 90 times their normal values in the infected male mice. Since a specific Th1/Th2 shift of the immune response has been previously reported during the chronic infection, and this shift may be associated with the feminization process, we proposed that this shift is induced by immunoendocrine interactions during the disease, and this gives way to a change in the initial resistance to the infection in the male mice, which become as susceptible as female mice. To confirm this hypothesis, we depleted immune system activity in two different ways: total body irradiation and neonatal thymectomy. Our results show that when immune system activity is depleted using either strategy, the male mice do not feminize, and the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and IL-6 are inhibited. Depletion of IL-6 using IL-6−/− knockout mice does not produce the feminization process stated above, while restitution of the IL-6−/− knockout, irradiated, and thymectomized mice with murine recombinant IL-6 restores the feminization process. Expression of the IL-6 gene was found only in the testes and spleen of infected animals. Our results illustrate the importance of immunoendocrine interactions during a parasitic disease and show a possible new mechanism of parasite establishment in an initially resistant host.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoendocrine Interactions During Chronic Cysticercosis Determine Male Mouse Feminization: Role of IL-6

Morales‐Montor

Baig

Mitchell

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

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“…The hypothalamic effects of IL-6 on the other pituitary hormones are less clear. No effects of IL-6 on GH or prolactin release were shown after intracerebroventricular injection or on the release of GHRH or somatostatin directly from basal hypothalamic explants in vitro stimulates the release of growth hormone, prolactin, LH and FSH from rat anterior pituitary cells in culture (Spangelo et al, 1989;Yamaguchi et al, 1990a). These effects on hormone release are fairly immediate with changes occurring after 30 minutes (Spangelo et al.…”

Section: Hypothalamusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IL-I can stimulate prolactin, LH and FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary and this effect may be mediated through IL-6 acting as a paracrine mediator (Yamaguchi et al, 1990a). This association between IL-I and IL-6 in the pituitary has not, however, been fully proven.…”

Section: Hypothalamusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin‐6 an endocrine cytokine

Jones

1994

Clinical Endocrinology

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“…Regarding the physiological role of cytokines in the adenohypophysis, it is believed that some interleukins may have a role to play in the release of certain pituitary hormones [2,20]; in this regard, we know that peripheral administration of IL-1b, IL-2 and IL-6 increases plasma levels of ACTH [1,21,22], whilst central administration of IL-1b produces intense inhibition of pituitary secretion of LH and FSH [23,24]; similarly, IL-6 stimulates PRL, GH, FSH and LH liberation in cell cultures of rat pituitary cells [25,26] and might contribute to excessive GH production in the majority of somatotroph adenomas [27].…”

Section: Interleukin Expression and Function In Normal And Tumoral Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal expression of interleukin 1β and interleukin 6 in the rat pituitary gland

et al. 2008

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a b s t r a c tIt is known that interleukin 1b (IL-1b) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) are expressed post-natally in normal and tumoral cells in the anterior pituitary, and that they play a role in both the liberation of different hormones and in the growth, proliferation and tumor formation of the pituitary gland. However, their expression and role during embryonic and fetal development remain unknown. We have performed an immunocytochemistry study of prenatal expression and distribution of IL-1b and IL-6 in isolated embryonic rat Rathke's pouch prior to birth, more specifically between 13.5 and 19.5 days p.c. Western-blot analysis carried out on 19.5-day p.c. embryos showed positive immunolabelling for IL-1b and IL-6. These interleukins were initially expressed simultaneously in the rostral and ventral portions of Rathke's pouch in 15.5-day p.c. embryos, and this expression progressed caudodorsally in later developmental stages, extending to most of the hypophysis before birth. The number of cells expressing these interleukins increased throughout this period: 48.22% of anterior pituitary cells expressed IL-6 in 19.5-day embryos, whilst IL-1b was positive in 39.8% of the cells. Moreover, we have demonstrated that some adenohypophyseal cells co-express both interleukins. Such findings represent the first step towards an understanding of the physiological role of these interleukins in anterior pituitary development.

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Interleukin 6 possibly induced by interleukin 1β in the pituitary gland stimulates the release of gonadotropins and prolactin

Cited by 111 publications

References 0 publications

Immunoendocrine Interactions During Chronic Cysticercosis Determine Male Mouse Feminization: Role of IL-6

Immunoendocrine Interactions During Chronic Cysticercosis Determine Male Mouse Feminization: Role of IL-6

Interleukin‐6 an endocrine cytokine

Prenatal expression of interleukin 1β and interleukin 6 in the rat pituitary gland

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