Interleukin‐6 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with central nervous system infections

Matsuzono, Yoshihiro; Narita, Mitsuo; Akutsu, Yasuyuki; Togashi, Takehiro

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13784.x

Cited by 51 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar results were obtained in studies of infants, older children and adults 6,18,19 . According to Dulkerian et al 20 , young infants respond to the bacterial invasion of the CNS with the release of cytokines at comparable levels to those observed in older children and adults.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Matsuzono et al 19 consider that the CSF level of IL-6 is the only parameter capable of detecting the inflammatory process when the routine findings in the CSF are normal. Azuma et al 21 highlighted that the measurement of IL-6 in the CSF might be particularly useful for the early diagnosis of meningitis in situations of immunological depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid of newborn with meningitis

Krebs

Okay

et al. 2005

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Objective: To analyze the usefulness of determining the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and interleukin-6(IL-6)for the early diagnosis and evaluation of the prognosis of neonatal meningitis. Method: We studied 54 newborn that underwent lumbar puncture.Thirty patients had meningitis and 24 were the control group.CSF and sera were obtained at the moment of suspicion of meningitis and stored at -70 0 C.Cytokines were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: CSF cytokines were detected in all the newborn with meningitis.TNF-α was detected in the CSF in 63.3% of the neonates, IL-1β in 73.3% and IL-6 in 96.6%.The CSF levels were significantly higher than serum in neonates with meningitis.There was no correlation between the CSF levels of cytokines and neurologic complications. Conclusion: The detection of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the CSF is of great value in order to achieve a early diagnosis of neonatal meningitis.Among the three cytokines analyzed, IL-6 was the best indicator of meningeal inflammation.KEY WORDS: meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid, newborn, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6.Fator de necrose tumoral-α a, interleucina-1β b e interleucina-6 no líquido cefalorraqueano de recém-nascidos com meningite RESUMO -Objetivo: Analisar a utilidade da dosagem dos níveis de fator de necrose tumoral-α(TNF-α), interleucin-1β(IL-1β) e interleucina-6(IL-6) no líquido cefalorraqueano (LCR) para o diagnóstico precoce e avaliação do prognóstico da meningite neonatal. Método: Foram estudados 54 recém-nascidos submetidos à punção lombar.Trinta pacientes apresentavam meningite e 24 constituíram o grupo controle. As amostras de LCR e sangue foram obtidas no momento da suspeita clínica de meningite e estocadas a -70 0 C.A dosagem de citocinas foi feita pelo método ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Resultados: Foram detectadas citocinas no LCR em todos os neonatos com meningite. O TNF-α foi detectado em 63,3% dos casos, a IL-1β em 73,3% e a IL-6 em 96,6%. Os níveis liquóricos foram significativamente mais elevados do que os séricos nos neonatos com meningite. Não houve correlação entre os níveis de citocinas no LCR e complicações neurológicas. Conclusão: A detecção de TNF-α, IL-1β e IL-6 no LCR é de grande valor para o diagnóstico precoce de meningite neonatal. Entre as três citocinas analisadas, a IL-6 foi o melhor indicador de inflamação meníngea. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: meningite, líquido cefalorraqueano, recém-nascido, fator de necrose tumoral-α, interleucin-1β, interleucina-6.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid of newborn with meningitis

Krebs

Okay

et al. 2005

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The major proinflammatory cytokines that have been detected in the CSF of patients with bacterial meningitis are IL-6, IL-1␤, and TNF-␣ (27,32,50,51,55), and elevated levels of these cytokines are found early during the intracranial inflammatory response. Following challenge with N. meningitidis, meningioma cells produce large amounts of IL-6, suggesting that the leptomeninges is likely to be a major producer of this cytokine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction ofNeisseria meningitidiswith Human Meningeal Cells Induces the Secretion of a Distinct Group of Chemotactic, Proinflammatory, and Growth-Factor Cytokines

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The interactions of Neisseria meningitidis with cells of the leptomeninges are pivotal events in the progression of bacterial leptomeningitis. An in vitro model based on the culture of human meningioma cells was used to investigate the role of the leptomeninges in the inflammatory response. Following challenge with meningococci, meningioma cells secreted specifically the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), the CXC chemokine IL-8, the CC chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and regulated-upon-activation, normal-T-cell expressed and secreted protein (RANTES), and the cytokine growth factor granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). A temporal pattern of cytokine production was observed, with early secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 followed by later increases in RANTES and GM-CSF levels. IL-6 was induced equally by the interactions of piliated and nonpiliated meningococci, whereas lipopolysaccharide (LPS) had a minimal effect, suggesting that other, possibly secreted, bacterial components were responsible. Induction of IL-8 and MCP-1 also did not require adherence of bacteria to meningeal cells, but LPS was implicated. In contrast, efficient stimulation of RANTES by intact meningococci required pilus-mediated adherence, which served to deliver increased local concentrations of LPS onto the surface of meningeal cells. Secretion of GM-CSF was induced by pilus-mediated interactions but did not involve LPS. In addition, capsule expression had a specific inhibitory effect on GM-CSF secretion, which was not observed with IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, or RANTES. Thus, the data demonstrate that cells of the leptomeninges are not inert but are active participants in the innate host response during leptomeningitis and that there is a complex relationship between expression of meningococcal components and cytokine induction.Meningitis, which is an inflammation of the meninges that surround the brain within the skull and the spinal cord within the spinal canal (56), is the most common infection of the central nervous system. In humans, the meninges comprise the pachymenix or dura mater (hard mother) and the leptomeninges, which consist of the arachnoid mater and pia mater together with the trabeculae that traverse the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled subarachnoid space (SAS) (2, 9, 56). Classical bacterial meningitis is predominantly a leptomeningitis, with little or no involvement of the dura mater or the underlying brain. The bacterial etiology of leptomeningitis is broad, and a wide variety of bacteria that gain access to the SAS can initiate an inflammatory response. Susceptibility to the various causative agents is age dependent, and a distinct group of species affect neonates compared to the species that affect subjects over 1 month old (13). After the neonatal period, the most common bacterial agents that cause pyogenic leptomeningitis are Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis (meningococci). In affluent countries, vaccines developed against H. inf...

show abstract

“…Moreover, IL-6ko mice failed to generate a fever following a turpentine-induced abscess, although they exhibited fever after influenza virus infection [40]. Abnormalities in IL-6 have also been implicated in a number of physiological and behavioral responses in stress [53,79] and in various diseases, such as depression [44,89], amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [41], systemic lupus erythematosus [34], Alzheimer's disease [32], post-traumatic stress disorder [5], and various CNS injuries [39] and infections [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding, exploratory, anxiety- and depression-related behaviors are not altered in interleukin-6-deficient male mice

Świergiel

Dunn

2006

Behavioural Brain Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated in behavioral responses associated with inflammation, sickness behavior and various nervous system disorders. We studied a range of different behaviors in IL-6-knockout (IL-6ko) and wild-type (WT) male mice. No significant differences were observed in ambulatory, exploratory, and stereotypic activities in home or novel cages, in an open field (OF), in the multicompartment chamber (MCC), or in the elevated plus-maze (EPM). IL-6ko mice shed fewer fecal boli than WT mice in the OF, in novel cages and in the MCC although this effect was not statistically significant in the OF. In novel cages, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of IL-6 (1 μg) depressed ambulatory activity slightly more in IL-6ko than in WT mice. Restraint and interleukin-1β (IL-1β, 100 ng i.p.) decreased exploration of mice in the MCC and EPM, but there was no indication of altered sensitivity in IL-6ko mice. No significant differences were detected in the tail suspension and the Porsolt forced swim tests. IL-1β and lipopolysaccharide (LPS 1 μg i.p.) injection depressed sweetened milk and solid food intake similarly in IL-6ko and WT mice, but IL-6 had no effect, suggesting that IL-6 is not involved in these effects of IL-1 or LPS. However, IL-1β and LPS depressed body weight more in WT than in IL-6ko mice. Plasma corticosterone and basal concentrations of catecholamines, indoleamines and their metabolites in several brain regions were similar. The responses in these measures to IL-1β and LPS were also similar, except that there were no significant changes in tryptophan and serotonin metabolism in IL-6ko mice. This may reflect a role for IL-6 in the tryptophan and serotonin responses to IL-1 and LPS. It is concluded that the lack of IL-6 is not associated with substantial alterations in several different mouse behaviors, and in the responses to restraint, IL-1β, IL-6 and LPS.

show abstract

Interleukin‐6 in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with central nervous system infections

Cited by 51 publications

References 7 publications

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid of newborn with meningitis

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid of newborn with meningitis

Interaction ofNeisseria meningitidiswith Human Meningeal Cells Induces the Secretion of a Distinct Group of Chemotactic, Proinflammatory, and Growth-Factor Cytokines

Feeding, exploratory, anxiety- and depression-related behaviors are not altered in interleukin-6-deficient male mice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About