Interleukin-6 concentrations in umbilical cord plasma are elevated in neonates with white matter lesions associated with periventricular leukomalacia

Yoon, Bo Hyun; Romero, Roberto; Yang, Soon Ha; Jun, Jong Kwan; Kim, In-One; Choi, Jung‐Hwan; Syn, Hee Chul

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(96)70585-9

Cited by 561 publications

(307 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Intrauterine infection greatly increases the risk of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and cerebral palsy in premature infants and term infants (Grether and Nelson, 1997;Wu and Colford, 2000;Wu, 2002), and cytokines have been implicated in this association (Dammann and Leviton, 1997). Elevated levels of IL-6 in fetal cord blood and of IL-6 and IL-1b in amniotic fluid are associated with white matter lesions and cerebral palsy in premature infants (Yoon et al, 1996;Yoon et al, 2000). Children with cerebral palsy have high neonatal blood levels of cytokines, including IL-1b and TNFa (Nelson et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Infection and Risk for Schizophrenia: IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα Inhibit Cortical Neuron Dendrite Development

Gilmore¹,

Jarskog²,

Vadlamudi³

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

236

158

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Prenatal exposure to infection increases risk for schizophrenia, and we have hypothesized that inflammatory cytokines, generated in response to maternal infection, alter neuron development and increase risk for schizophrenia. We sought to study the effect of cytokines generated in response to infectionFinterleukin-1b (IL-1b), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNFa), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)Fon the dendritic development of cortical neurons. Primary mixed neuronal cultures were obtained from E18 rats and exposed to 0, 100, or 1000 units (U)/ml of IL-1b, TNFa, IL-6, or IL-1b þ TNFa for 44 h. MAP-2-positive neurons were randomly identified for each condition and the number of primary dendrites, nodes, and total dendrite length was determined. We found that 100 U of TNFa significantly reduced the number of nodes (27%, p ¼ 0.02) and total dendritic length (14%, p ¼ 0.04), but did not affect overall neuron survival. A measure of 100 U IL-1b þ TNFa significantly reduced the number of primary dendrites (17%, p ¼ 0.006), nodes (32%, p ¼ 0.001), and total dendritic length (30%, po0.0001), although it did not affect overall neuron survival. At 1000 U, each cytokine significantly reduced the number of primary dendrites (14-24%), nodes (28-37%), as well as total dendritic length (25-30%); neuron survival was reduced by 14-21%. These results indicate that inflammatory cytokines can significantly reduce dendrite development and complexity of developing cortical neurons, consistent with the neuropathology of schizophrenia. These findings also support the hypothesis that cytokines play a key mechanistic role in the link between prenatal exposure to infection and risk for schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Infection and Risk for Schizophrenia: IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα Inhibit Cortical Neuron Dendrite Development

Gilmore¹,

Jarskog²,

Vadlamudi³

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

236

158

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“…During episodes of sepsis, tissue necrosis factor and cytokines are often released. 41,42 These have each been associated with direct damage to cerebral white matter, and it is speculated that circulating levels of these agents might be a direct cause of PVL. [42][43][44] The use of physiologic scoring systems alone cannot delineate which abnormal outcomes might be attributable to direct effects of hypoxia, ischemia, or acidosis and which effects might be related indirectly to sepsis through another pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Physiologic Instability Is Associated With Neurodevelopmental Morbidity at One and Two Years in Extremely Premature Infants

Mattia

deRegnier

1998

Pediatrics

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ABSTRACT. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationships between chronic physiologic instability, as assessed by the cumulative daily Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology (SNAP), and neurodevelopmental morbidity in premature infants at 1 year and at 2 to 3 years of age.Design. The subjects of this retrospective study were extremely premature (<30 weeks' gestational age [GA]) infants born in 1993 and 1994 who were seen in follow-up at least once between 1 and 3 years of age. Cumulative daily SNAP scores were calculated over the entire neonatal intensive care unit course for 96 infants (mean GA, 27.3 ؎ 1.6 weeks; mean birth weight, 1065 ؎ 270 g). The Mental and Psychomotor Developmental (MDI and PDI) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (II) were administered at 1 year and at 2 to 3 years of age; the Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language Scale (REEL) was administered at 2 to 3 years of age.To compare the most stable infants with the most unstable infants, the subjects were divided into three quartile groups based on their cumulative SNAP scores (<25th percentile, 25 to 75th percentile, and >75th percentile). MDI, PDI, and REEL scores were compared for the three groups using analysis of variance. To evaluate the relative contributions of physiologic stability, intracranial abnormalities, GA, and early postnatal nutritional intakes, multiple regression analyses were performed using cumulative SNAP score, an intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) score (incorporating IVH and periventricular leukomalacia), GA, and a weight-change score for the first month as independent variables, and MDI, PDI, and REEL quotients as dependent variables. Regression analyses were repeated, with cumulative SNAP subscores for oxygenation, hypotension, acidosis, and hypoxia/ischemia included with IVH score, GA, and first month weight z score change as independent variables, and MDI, PDI, and REEL quotients as dependent variables.Results. The infants with the highest degree of physiologic instability (cumulative SNAP scores greater than the 75th percentile) had significantly lower MDI scores at 1 year of age and lower PDI scores at 1 year and at 2 to 3 years of age than did infants who were more physiologically stable.Sixty-seven percent of infants with cumulative SNAP scores greater than the 75th percentile had neurodevelopmental abnormalities at 2 to 3 years of age (cerebral palsy or delayed mental, motor, or language development). Using multiple regression analyses, higher cumulative SNAP scores, IVH scores, and GA were associated with lower 1-year MDI scores. Higher cumulative SNAP scores and IVH scores were associated with lower 1-year PDI scores. By 2 years, only higher cumulative SNAP scores were significantly associated with lower MDI and PDI scores. With respect to language development, only lower weight-change scores over the first month were significantly associated with poorer receptive language development. Lower weight-change scores over the first month and higher hypotension scores were significantl...

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“…In cases of PPROM without confirmed infection, although there was no significant change in maternal serum cytokines, two thirds of them revealed elevated amniotic fluid cytokines. Babies born preterm when such elevated cytokines are present are more prone to suffer from bronchopulmonary dysplasia and periventricular leukonalacia 7 . It has been observed that babies born in presence of increased concentration of white blood cells and cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8 in amniotic fluid are more likely to develop cerebral palsy at long-term follow-up 8 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of amnioseal in premature rupture of membranes

Dam

Laha

Bhattacharya

et al. 2011

J Obstet Gynecol India

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Objective: Interleukins (ILs) and matrix metalloproteinases actually target collagen IV in the amniochorion in premature rupture of membranes (PROM), IL-10 acts as a membrane protector. In order to counteract the immunological system involved in the pathogenesis, we have used a combination of proapoptotic bax gene P-53 inhibitor, myristoleate, with antimicrobial peptides, neutrophil defensins, and cytokine IL-10 enhancer. Methods: A comparative prospective randomized study was conducted from

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Interleukin-6 concentrations in umbilical cord plasma are elevated in neonates with white matter lesions associated with periventricular leukomalacia

Cited by 561 publications

References 27 publications

Prenatal Infection and Risk for Schizophrenia: IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα Inhibit Cortical Neuron Dendrite Development

Prenatal Infection and Risk for Schizophrenia: IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα Inhibit Cortical Neuron Dendrite Development

Chronic Physiologic Instability Is Associated With Neurodevelopmental Morbidity at One and Two Years in Extremely Premature Infants

Role of amnioseal in premature rupture of membranes

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