Interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and interleukin-10 after antidepressant treatment in people with depression: a meta-analysis

Hiles, Sarah A.; Baker, Amanda; Malmanche, Theo de; Attia, John

doi:10.1017/s0033291712000128

Cited by 185 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, the effects of medication could not be adequately assessed due to the variability in types and doses. Evidence shows that both antipsychotic and antidepressant treatment decrease peripheral IL-6 levels (Hiles et al, 2012;Miller et al, 2011). If similar effects occur in the CSF, the increase in CSF IL-6 levels would be more prominent in untreated patients than observed in the medicated patients in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Increased cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 levels in patients with schizophrenia and those with major depressive disorder

Sasayama

Hattori

Wakabayashi

et al. 2013

Journal of Psychiatric Research

169

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Elevated peripheral levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) are common findings in schizophrenia and depression. However, previous studies that measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-6 levels in these disorders reported controversial results. The present study examined whether CSF IL-6 levels are altered in patients with schizophrenia and those with depression. Lumbar punctures were performed in 32 patients with schizophrenia, 30 with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 35 healthy controls.Serum samples were simultaneously collected from all subjects in the patient groups and from 32 of the control group. CSF and serum IL-6 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both the patients with schizophrenia and MDD had significantly higher CSF IL-6 levels compared to the controls (schizophrenia: P = 0.0027; MDD: P = 0.012). IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the CSF than in the serum. No significant correlation was observed between CSF and serum IL-6 levels.One limitation of the study was the different smoking prevalence between patient groups and controls, which may have confounded the findings for MDD patients. In all, the present findings suggest that IL-6 of central origin is associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and MDD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Increased cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 levels in patients with schizophrenia and those with major depressive disorder

Sasayama

Hattori

Wakabayashi

et al. 2013

Journal of Psychiatric Research

169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Meta-analytic results also suggested a significant decrease in IL-6 serum levels after antidepressant treatment (Hiles et al 2012), as confirmed by a subsequent study that demonstrated a correlation between plasma IL-6 levels and changes in severity of depressive state during SSRI treatment (Yoshimura et al 2013). MDD patients with high IL-6 levels were also reported to be less placebo responsive and less responsive to EPA (Rapaport et al 2015).…”

Section: Peripheral Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…A single study reported opposite findings (Dawood et al 2007). A meta-analysis reported a marginally significant decrease in CRP after anti-depressant treatment (Hiles et al 2012), while higher CRP levels at baseline were found to predict the persistence of depressive symptoms over 5 years (Zalli et al 2015). Interestingly, MDD patients with high CRP levels were also reported to be less placebo-responsive and less responsive to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; Rapaport et al 2015).…”

Section: Peripheral Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus paper of the WFSBP Task Force on Genetics: Genetics, epigenetics and gene expression markers of major depressive disorder and antidepressant response

Fabbri

Hosák

Mößner

et al. 2016

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heritable disease with a heavy personal and socio-economic burden. Antidepressants of different classes are prescribed to treat MDD, but reliable and reproducible markers of efficacy are not available for clinical use. Further complicating treatment, the diagnosis of MDD is not guided by objective criteria, resulting in the risk of under-or overtreatment. A number of markers of MDD and antidepressant response have been investigated at the genetic, epigenetic, gene expression and protein levels. Polymorphisms in genes involved in anti-depressant metabolism (cytochrome P450 isoenzymes), antidepressant transport (ABCB1), glucocorticoid signalling (FKBP5) and serotonin neurotransmission (SLC6A4 and HTR2A) were among those included in the first pharmacogenetic assays that have been tested for clinical applicability. The results of these investigations were encouraging when examining patient-outcome improvement. Furthermore, a nine-serum biomarker panel (including BDNF, cortisol and soluble TNF-a receptor type II) showed good sensitivity and specificity in differentiating between MDD and healthy controls. These first diagnostic and response-predictive tests for MDD provided a source of optimism for future clinical applications. However, such findings should be considered very carefully because their benefit/cost ratio and clinical indications were not clearly demonstrated. Future tests may include combinations of different types of biomarkers and be specific for MDD subtypes or pathological dimensions.

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“…CRP -in a meta-analysis of eight studies investigating the effects of antidepressant treatment on CRP levels it was concluded that antidepressant medication (particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs) marginally lowered levels of CRP (Hiles et al, 2012a). However, in a meta-regression in this review, no significant association between baseline CRP and change in depressive symptoms was identified.…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 74%

A review of peripheral biomarkers in major depression: The potential of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers

Lopresti

Maker

Hood

et al. 2014

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

290

173

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Biomarkers are regularly used in medicine to provide objective indicators of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacological responses to therapeutic interventions, and have proved invaluable in expanding our understanding and treatment of medical diseases. In the field of psychiatry, assessment and treatment has, however, primarily relied on patient interviews and questionnaires for diagnostic and treatment purposes. Biomarkers in psychiatry present a promising addition to advance the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of psychiatric diseases. This review provides a summary on the potential of peripheral biomarkers in major depression with a specific emphasis on those related to inflammatory/immune and oxidative stress/antioxidant defences. The complexities associated with biomarker assessment are reviewed specifically around their collection, analysis and interpretation. Focus is placed on the potential of peripheral biomarkers to aid diagnosis, predict treatment response, enhance treatment-matching, and prevent the onset or relapse of major depression.

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Interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and interleukin-10 after antidepressant treatment in people with depression: a meta-analysis

Abstract: The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that there may be a normalization of overactive inflammatory processes following antidepressant treatment.

Cited by 185 publications

References 49 publications

Increased cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 levels in patients with schizophrenia and those with major depressive disorder

Increased cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 levels in patients with schizophrenia and those with major depressive disorder

Consensus paper of the WFSBP Task Force on Genetics: Genetics, epigenetics and gene expression markers of major depressive disorder and antidepressant response

A review of peripheral biomarkers in major depression: The potential of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers

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