Interleukin 4 is important in protective immunity to a gastrointestinal nematode infection in mice.

Urban, Joseph F.; Katona, Ildy M.; Paul, William E.; Finkelman, F D

doi:10.1073/pnas.88.13.5513

Cited by 315 publications

(239 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These findings confirm previous reports in which elimination of IL-5 by mAb treatment (TRFK-5) was shown to abrogate S. stercoralis larval killing in immunized BALB/cByJ mice (18). In contrast, many other groups have found no role for IL-5 in protection from other parasites, however measurable levels of eosinophils could still be found in the peripheral blood, cutaneous tissues, cerebrospinal fluid, liver, and lungs of TRFK-5-treated mice (12,35,(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43). Thus, the eosinophils still present in mouse tissues after mAb treatments might still have been able to mediate systemic L3 destruction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of IL-5 in Innate and Adaptive Immunity to LarvalStrongyloides stercoralisin Mice

Herbert

Lee

et al. 2000

The Journal of Immunology

111

110

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Protective immunity to Strongyloides stercoralis infective larvae in mice has been shown to be dependent on IL-5 based on mAb depletion studies. The goal of this study was to determine the functional role of IL-5 during the innate and adaptive immune response to larval S. stercoralis in mice. In these studies, three strains of mice were used: wild-type C57BL/6J (WT), IL-5 knockout (KO), and IL-5 transgenic (TG). Innate responses to the larvae indicated that there was enhanced survival in the KO animals and decreased survival in the TG animals compared with WT. Furthermore, killing of larvae in TG mice was associated with eosinophil infiltration and degranulation. In studying the adaptive immune response, it was observed that immunization of KO mice did not lead to the development of protective immunity. Experiments were then performed to determine whether KO mice reconstituted with Abs or cells could then develop protective immunity. KO mice displayed protective immunity via a granulocyte-dependent mechanism following injection of purified IgM from immune wild-type animals. Immunity in KO mice could also be reconstituted by the injection of eosinophils at the time of immunization. These eosinophils did not participate in actively killing the challenge infection, but rather were responsible for the induction of a protective Ab response. We conclude that IL-5 is required in the protective immune response for the production of eosinophils, and that eosinophils were involved in larval killing during innate immunity and in the induction of protective Abs in the adaptive immune response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of IL-5 in Innate and Adaptive Immunity to LarvalStrongyloides stercoralisin Mice

Herbert

Lee

et al. 2000

The Journal of Immunology

111

110

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“…83,84 Thus, eosinophils do not appear to be critical for the generation of T helper cell type 2 (Th2) immunity or clearance of T. muris, 85 and blocking IL-5 does not affect H. polygyrus expulsion despite significantly decreasing eosinophil numbers. 86 If anything, eosinophils act positively on the fecundity of H. polygyrus worms. 87 However, mice that overexpress IL-5 have massive systemic eosinophilia and are less susceptible to N. brasiliensis, 88 whereas eosinophil-deficient mice are unimpaired in their ability to expel, 89 illustrating that IL-5 has additional unknown functions beyond those associated with eosinophils.…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity to gastrointestinal nematode infections

2018

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“…Two important recent studies have followed concerning the influence of cytokines upon infection intensity and re-infection in Cameroonian children and adults (Turner et al 2003 ;Jackson et al 2004). In contrast to data from laboratory models (Urban et al 1991 ;Richard et al 2000 ;Schopf et al 2002), no evidence for a role for Th2 cytokines in protective immunity in humans had been previously provided.…”

Section: Human Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predisposition to ascariasis: patterns, mechanisms and implications

Holland

2009

Parasitology

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Ascaris lumbricoides, the human roundworm, is a remarkably infectious and persistent parasite. It is a member of the soiltransmitted helminths or geohelminths and infects in the order of 1472 million people worldwide. Despite, its high prevalence and wide distribution it remains along with its geohelminth counterparts, a neglected disease. Ascariasis is associated with both chronic and acute morbidity, particularly in growing children, and the level of morbidity assessed as disability-adjusted life years is about 10 . 5 million. Like other macroparasite infections, the frequency distribution of A. lumbricoides is aggregated or overdispersed with most hosts harbouring few or no worms and a small proportion harbouring very heavy infections. Furthermore, after chemotherapeutic treatment, individuals demonstrate consistency in the pattern of re-infection with ascariasis, described as predisposition. These epidemiological phenomena have been identified, in a consistent manner, from a range of geographical locations in both children and adults. However, what has proved to be much more refractory to investigation has been the mechanisms that contribute to the observed epidemiological patterns. Parallel observations utilizing human subjects and appropriate animal model systems are essential to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying susceptibility/resistance to ascariasis. Furthermore, these patterns of Ascaris intensity and re-infection have broader implications with respect to helminth control and interactions with other important bystander infections.

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Interleukin 4 is important in protective immunity to a gastrointestinal nematode infection in mice.

Cited by 315 publications

References 37 publications

Role of IL-5 in Innate and Adaptive Immunity to LarvalStrongyloides stercoralisin Mice

Role of IL-5 in Innate and Adaptive Immunity to LarvalStrongyloides stercoralisin Mice

Immunity to gastrointestinal nematode infections

Predisposition to ascariasis: patterns, mechanisms and implications

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