Interleukin 35: an overview

Abstract

Introduction: Interleukin 35 (IL-35) has recently been characterized as a cytokine connected with the IL-12 group. The secretion of IL-35 was described in forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) + regulatory T cells (Tregs), peripheral γδ T cells, CD8+ T cells, placental trophoblasts, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and regulatory B cells (Breg). Aim: The aim of this paper is to systematize current knowledge about IL-35 production and discuss its impact on the pathophysiology and outcome of various diseases. Material and methods: Literature review was conducted. Results and discussion: IL-35 plays a pivotal role in the immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, psychiatric and neurologic disorders, cancer, allergic and autoimmune diseases and psoriasis, inducing the expression of Treg-related cytokines and inhibiting the expression of Th1- and Th17-related cytokines.

Tolerability of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine during Pregnancy among Polish Healthcare Professionals

“…In fact, pregnant COVID-19-free women were less likely to develop fever or gastrointestinal symptoms after the second dose of the vaccine. During pregnancy, many complex processes leading to immunotolerance occur, including a shift in the T lymphocyte response toward Th1 cells, the generation of a temporal subpopulation of natural killer cells, and the placental production of many immunomodulatory substances such as neurokinin B, interleukin-10, and interleukin-35 [25][26][27]. The purpose of these changes is to ensure the normal development of pregnancy by inhibiting the graft-versus-host response while providing an anti-infective defence in pregnant woman [26].…”

Decentralising the United Kingdom: the Northern Powerhouse strategy and urban ownership links between firms since 2010

“…Because of the lack of precise geolocated data, research is generally conducted either on aggregated data at regional or national level, on panel data for several years (Demzetz and Lehn, 1985) or for one specific sector only (Franks and Mayer, 1997;Bond et al, 2006;Watts et al, 2007). Studies on ownership links of firms at city level have been conducted for all types of sectors for different geographical areas (Gillespie, 2017;Martinus et al, 2019;Rozenblat, 2010;Rozenblat et al, 2017;Rozenblat and Pumain, 2007;Śleszyński, 2015;Zdanowska et al, 2020;Zdanowska, 2020) with the objective of modeling growth of urban firm networks (Raimbault et al, 2020) . Ownership and industrial linkages have already been studied in Northern England, but for regions only (Marshall, 1979).…”