Interleukin-32γ in the Control of Acute Experimental Chagas Disease

Braga, Yarlla Loyane Lira; Neto, José Rodrigues do Carmo; Costa, Adriana Rodolfo da; Silva, Muriel V. T.; Silva, Marcos; Celes, Mara Rúbia Nunes; Oliveira, Milton Adriano Pelli de; Joosten, Leo A. B.; Ribeiro‐Dias, Fátima; Gomes, Rodrigo Saar; Machado, Juliana Reis

doi:10.1155/2022/7070301

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In this sense, in infected individuals with the indeterminate form of the disease or with mild cardiopathy, high levels of IL-17 and IL-10 were found, while high levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were found in patients with severe cardiopathy. In this sense, it seems that IL-17 and IL-10 regulate the Th1 response in order to avoid cardiac involvement ( 83 ). LPM of mice challenged with non-sialylated ICs expressed IL-17 but not IL-10.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles of Trypanosoma cruzi and immune complexes they form with sialylated and non-sialylated IgGs increase small peritoneal macrophage subpopulation and elicit different cytokines profiles

et al. 2023

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American trypanosomiasis, or Chagas disease, is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and is characterized by the presence of cardiac or gastrointestinal symptoms in a large number of patients during the chronic phase of the disease. Although the origin of the symptoms is not clear, several mechanisms have been described involving factors related to T. cruzi and the host immune response. In this sense, the extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by the parasite and the immune complexes (ICs) formed after their recognition by host IgGs (EVs-IgGs) may play an important role in the immune response during infection. The aim of the present work is to elucidate the modulation of the immune response exerted by EVs and the ICs they form by analyzing the variation in the subpopulations of small and large peritoneal macrophages after intraperitoneal inoculation in mice and to evaluate the role of the sialylation of the host IgGs in this immunomodulation. Both macrophage subpopulations were purified and subjected to cytokine expression analysis by RT-qPCR. The results showed an increase in the small peritoneal macrophage subpopulation after intraperitoneal injection of parasite EVs, but a greater increase in this subpopulation was observed when sialylated and non-sialylated ICs were injected, which was similar to inoculation with the trypomastigote stage of the parasite. The cytokine expression results showed the ability of both subpopulations to express inflammatory and non-inflammatory cytokines. These results suggest the role of free EVs in the acute phase of the disease and the possible role of immune complexes in the immune response in the chronic phase of the disease, when the levels of antibodies against the parasite allow the formation of immune complexes. The differential expression of interleukins showed after the inoculation of immune complexes formed with sialylated and non-sialylated IgGs and the interleukins expression induced by EVs, demonstrates that the IgG glycosilation is involved in the type of immune response that dominates in each of the phases of the Chagas disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles of Trypanosoma cruzi and immune complexes they form with sialylated and non-sialylated IgGs increase small peritoneal macrophage subpopulation and elicit different cytokines profiles

et al. 2023

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“…Parasites’ mechanisms of immunomodulation are very effective and diverse, and this has earned them the nickname “masters of regulation” [ 4 ]. Parasites can cleave antibodies [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], induce apoptosis in macrophages [ 8 ] and eosinophils [ 9 ], interfere with cytokine signaling networks [ 10 , 11 , 12 ] and cytokine release [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], and induce regulatory B cells [ 17 ]. However, exploring the diversity and range of parasite immunomodulation is outside the scope of this article; this topic has been reviewed elsewhere [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) in the Immune Response against Parasites

Bąska

Norbury

2022

Pathogens

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The immune system consists of various cells, organs, and processes that interact in a sophisticated manner to defend against pathogens. Upon initial exposure to an invader, nonspecific mechanisms are raised through the activation of macrophages, monocytes, basophils, mast cells, eosinophils, innate lymphoid cells, or natural killer cells. During the course of an infection, more specific responses develop (adaptive immune responses) whose hallmarks include the expansion of B and T cells that specifically recognize foreign antigens. Cell to cell communication takes place through physical interactions as well as through the release of mediators (cytokines, chemokines) that modify cell activity and control and regulate the immune response. One regulator of cell states is the transcription factor Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) which mediates responses to various stimuli and is involved in a variety of processes (cell cycle, development, apoptosis, carcinogenesis, innate and adaptive immune responses). It consists of two protein classes with NF-κB1 (p105/50) and NF-κB2 (p100/52) belonging to class I, and RelA (p65), RelB and c-Rel belonging to class II. The active transcription factor consists of a dimer, usually comprised of both class I and class II proteins conjugated to Inhibitor of κB (IκB). Through various stimuli, IκB is phosphorylated and detached, allowing dimer migration to the nucleus and binding of DNA. NF-κB is crucial in regulating the immune response and maintaining a balance between suppression, effective response, and immunopathologies. Parasites are a diverse group of organisms comprised of three major groups: protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites. Each group induces distinct effector immune mechanisms and is susceptible to different types of immune responses (Th1, Th2, Th17). This review describes the role of NF-κB and its activity during parasite infections and its contribution to inducing protective responses or immunopathologies.

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“…However, the existence of different isoforms of IL-32 has revealed that besides its pro-or anti-inflammatory properties, IL-32 also possesses regulatory properties (2,3). The role of IL-32 has been, so far, investigated in several inflammatory and infectious diseases (4)(5)(6)(7)(8), including different leishmaniases (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Overview of Interleukin 32 in Leishmaniases

Ribeiro‐Dias

Oliveira

2022

Front. Immunol.

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Interleukin-32 (IL-32) has several immune regulatory properties, which have driven its investigation in the context of various diseases. IL-32 expression is reported to be induced in the lesions of patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) by the New World Leishmania spp. that are responsible for causing ATL and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). IL-32 expression may elevate the inflammatory process through the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and also via mechanisms directed to kill the parasites. The genetic variants of IL-32 might be associated with the resistance or susceptibility to ATL, while different isoforms of IL-32 could be associated with distinct T helper lymphocyte profiles. IL-32 also determines the transcriptional profile in the bone marrow progenitor cells to mediate the trained immunity induced by β-glucan and BCG, thereby contributing to the resistance against Leishmania. IL-32γ is essential for the vitamin D-dependent microbicidal pathway for parasite control. In this context, the present review report briefly discusses the data retrieved from the studies conducted on IL-32 in leishmaniasis in humans and mice to highlight the current challenges to understanding the role of IL-32 in leishmaniasis.

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Interleukin-32γ in the Control of Acute Experimental Chagas Disease

Cited by 4 publications

References 48 publications

Extracellular vesicles of Trypanosoma cruzi and immune complexes they form with sialylated and non-sialylated IgGs increase small peritoneal macrophage subpopulation and elicit different cytokines profiles

Extracellular vesicles of Trypanosoma cruzi and immune complexes they form with sialylated and non-sialylated IgGs increase small peritoneal macrophage subpopulation and elicit different cytokines profiles

The Role of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) in the Immune Response against Parasites

A Critical Overview of Interleukin 32 in Leishmaniases

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