Interleukin 29 activates expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 in macrophages via toll‑like receptor 2

Abstract

Obesity and diabetes are characterized by low grade chronic inflammation status and insulin resistance in adipose tissue associated with metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1). Interleukin (IL)29, exhibits multiple immune regulatory activities. However, the role of IL29 and its effects on TIMP1 remain to be elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of IL29 on expression of TIMP1 in macrophages associated with inflammation in adipose tissue. IL29 and high glucose were used to activate Raw264.7 cells and primary macrophages with or without antibody‑mediated inhibition of toll like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4. TIMP1 was measured in culture media of Raw264.7 cells and primary macrophages by ELISA. IL29 and high glucose increased TIMP1 levels in Raw264.7 cells and primary macrophages. Antibody‑mediated inhibition of TLR2 or TLR2 gene knockout decreased TIMP1 levels activated by IL29, however not by high glucose in the medium of Raw264.7 cells and primary macrophages. Furthermore, antibody‑mediated inhibition of TLR4 or TLR4 gene knockout decreased TIMP1 levels which were stimulated by high glucose, not by IL29 in the medium of Raw264.7 cells and primary macrophages. The results of the present study indicate that TLR2 is involved in IL29‑stimulated TIMP1 expression in Raw264.7 cells and primary macrophages.

Evaluation of interleukin‐29 in autoimmune and inflammatory thyroid diseases

“…IL‐29 also induces mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) 25 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signalling pathways, 26 which are possibly involved in GD development 27 . Furthermore, IL‐29 enhances the expression of Toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR3), most likely via the JAK‐STAT pathway 28 and Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) 29 which expression is activated during autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) development 30 . There are reports about the role of IL‐29 in the maturation of T helper cells (Th) in favour of Th2 development 31 .…”

Glucagon-like peptide-1 attenuated carboxymethyl lysine induced neuronal apoptosis via peroxisome proliferation activated receptor-γ

“…Moreover, GW9662 at a concentration of 5μM was administrated to inhibit PPAR-γ. Western blotting was carried out according to a previously described protocol [ 40 ]. Briefly, total proteins from tissue or cells were extracted using radioimmunoprecipitation (RIPA) (Wanlei Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China, Catalogue No.…”

Emodin Attenuated the Kidney Damage of High-Fat-Diet Mice via the Upregulation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor

“…Western blotting was carried out according to our previously described protocol [ 31 ] and described briefly as follows. Kidney tissue or NRK-52E cells were extracted by radioimmunoprecipitation (RIPA) (Wanlei Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China, Catalogue No.…”

“…Western Blotting. Western blotting was carried out according to our previously described protocol [31] 2.8. Statistical Analysis.…”