Interleukin-2 production and activity in aged humans

Rabinowich, H; Goses, Y.; Reshef, Tamar; Klajman, A

doi:10.1016/0047-6374(85)90081-8

Cited by 79 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…we could not show significant age-related differences with this method. The relevance of decreased production of IL2 (Rabinowich et al, 1985;Barcellini et al, 1988) in aging, the major growth factor for T cells, remains unclear. However, a prior study revealed no changes in CD25 (a-chain of the IL2 receptor) expression with aging (Schindowski et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related impairment of human T lymphocytes’ activation: specific differences between CD4+ and CD8+ subsets

Schindowski

Fröhlich

Maurer

et al. 2002

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

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The relevance of physiological immune aging is of great interest with respect to determining disorders with pathologic immune function in aging individuals. In recent years, the relevance of changes in peripheral lymphocytes in age-associated neurologic diseases has become more evident. Due to the lack of immunological studies. covering moce than one event after mitogenic activation, we envisaged a new concept in the present study, aiming to investigate several events, starting from T cell receptor (TCR) ligation up to T cell proliferation. In addition, we addressed the question whether changes are present in the subsets (CD4, CDR) with aging. Phosphorylation of tyrosine residues declines with increasing age in CD4+ cells. Fewer levels of CD69 positive cells after 4 h mitogenic activation, altered expression of cytokines (IL2, IFN-7 and TNF-a; 22 h) and lower proliferation (72 h) were detemined in aging. Moreover, it could be shown that CD8" lymphocytes react more effectively to mitogenic stirnulation with referenoe to CD69 expression and proliferation in both age groups ( < 35 and > 60 years old). These data indicate that T cell activation, rnediated by TCR engagement, is significantly impaired in aging and both subsets are affected. However, bypassing the TCR does not fully restore T cell function, indicating that there are more mechanisms involved than impaired signal transduction thwugh TCR only. The results will be discussed in relation to iiheir relevance in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related impairment of human T lymphocytes’ activation: specific differences between CD4+ and CD8+ subsets

Schindowski

Fröhlich

Maurer

et al. 2002

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development

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“…Ageing is associated with impairment of T-cell functions, the most important being the decline in T-cell proliferation (Murasko et al 1987;Nagel et al 1988;Shearer, 1997) and the decrease in IL-2 synthesis (Rabinowich et al 1985;Nagel et al 1988;Shearer, 1997). Age-related decreased proliferation as well as decreased IL-2 secretion are, at least partly, related to the changes in T-cell subsets.…”

Section: T-cell Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and immunity in the elderly

1999

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Immune function declines with age, leading to increased infection and cancer rates in aged individuals. In fact, recent progress in the study of immune ageing has introduced the idea that rather than a general decline in the functions of the immune system with age, immune ageing is mainly characterized by a progressive appearance of immune dysregulation throughout life. Changes appear earlier in life for cell-mediated immunity than for humoral immunity. Thus, agerelated modifications in cell-mediated immunity, i.e. changes in naive : memory T-cells, mature : immature T-cells, T-helper 1 : T-helper 2 cells are more important in the elderly than changes in humoral immunity, i.e. CD5 : CD5+ cells or length of antibody responses. Such evolution of the immune system has been linked to declining thymus function and to accumulative antigenic influence over the lifespan. In contrast, innate immunity (macrophage functions) is preserved or even increased during the ageing process. This finding shows that the 'primitive' immune system is less affected by the ageing process than the sophisticated specific immune system. The present review focuses on innate and cell-mediated immune changes with ageing. It provides evidence that primary changes (intrinsic modifications in the immune system) and secondary changes (resulting from environmental influences during the lifespan) exert different influences on the immune system. Primary changes, occurring in healthy individuals, seem less important nowadays than they were considered to be previously. For example, interleukin 2 secretion in some very healthy aged individuals is comparable with that in younger adults. Primary immune changes may not explain the increased incidence and severity of infections observed in the elderly population. Secondary immunological changes are far more frequent and are certainly responsible for most of the immune modifications observed in the elderly population. Environmental factors leading to secondary immune dysfunctions include not only antigenic influence, which is a reflection of diseases experienced over the lifespan, but also many other factors such as drug intake, physical activity and diet; factors for which important changes occur in the elderly population. Nutritional factors play a major role in the immune responses of aged individuals and the present review shows that nutritional influences on immune responses are of great consequence in aged individuals, even in the very healthy elderly.

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“…Lymphocytes from aged persons are poor IL-2 secretors (Rabinowich et al 1985;Nagel et al 1988;Lesourd, 1990a) and show decreased ability to proliferate (Murasko et al 1987;Nagel et al 1988;Lesourd, 1990~). Decreased lymphocyte proliferation in aged subjects has been linked to a higher percentage of immature T-cells (AlCs-Martinez et al 1988;Lesourd et al 1992Lesourd et al ,1994 andor of memory T lymphocytes (Nagelkerken et Hobbs & Emst, 1997), both subsets being poor IL-2 secretors.…”

Section: Immune Responses In Aged Individualsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response during disease and recovery in the elderly

Lesourd

1999

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The present article reviews immune ageing and its relationship with nutritional ageing, with a particular insight into the influences of disease on both ageing processes. Immune ageing can be described primarily as the progressive appearance of immune dysregulations, mainly acquired immunity (mature: immature, naive: memory T lymphocyte subset decreases) leading to gradual increases in T-helper 2: T-helper 1 cells. This change is due initially to decreased thymic function, and later to accumulative antigen pressure over the lifespan. In contrast, innate immunity (macrophage functions) is preserved during the ageing process and in the elderly this leads to macrophage-lymphocyte dysequilibrium, which is particularly critical during on-going disease. Indeed, any disease induces long-lasting acute-phase reactions in aged patients and leads to body nutritional reserve (mainly protein) losses. Episodes of disease in the aged patient progressively deplete body nutritional reserves and lead to proteinenergy malnutrition, undernutritionassociated immunodeficiency, and finally cachexia. Undernutrition is a common symptom in the elderly; proteinenergy malnutrition is found in more than 50 % of hospitalized elderly patients and in most elderly diseased subjects. In addition, micronutrient deficit or low levels are common in home-living self-sufficient apparently-healthy elderly subjects. All these nutritional deficits induce decreased immune responses, and micronutrient deficits are now thought to be partly responsible for the decreased immune responses (immune ageing?) observed in the apparentlyhealthy elderly. Indeed, several studies have shown that micronutrient supplements induce increased immune responses in the healthy elderly. The progression of infectious diseases depends on immune responses and on nutritional status before the onset of illness in aged subjects. In addition, recovery depends on the intensity of acute-phase responses in the undernourished elderly. In fact, chronic acute-phase responses, commonly associated with diseases in aged patients, lead to progressive lowering of metabolic responses in the undernourished elderly. This can be quantified by increased production of free radicals during treatment and these increases may explain the difficulty in successfully treating aged patients. Nutritive therapy in order to improve metabolic processes and also to maintain body reserves should be considered as a necessary adjuvant therapy in the treatment of elderly patients. Immune response: Disease: Ageing: ElderlyOne of the most important changes for man in the 20th century is a drastic increase in life expectancy. Life expectancy has almost doubled in the last 100 years (Haut ComitC de la SantC Publique, 1994). As a consequence, the elderly population is rapidly increasing. In France, the elderly population (>60 years) has grown from 10 9% in 1960 to 17 % in 1992, and will continue to increase to comprise onethird of the population by 2030 (Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Epidemiologiques, ...

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Interleukin-2 production and activity in aged humans

Cited by 79 publications

References 43 publications

Age-related impairment of human T lymphocytes’ activation: specific differences between CD4+ and CD8+ subsets

Age-related impairment of human T lymphocytes’ activation: specific differences between CD4+ and CD8+ subsets

Nutrition and immunity in the elderly

Immune response during disease and recovery in the elderly

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