“…The effects of cytokines on AMPA-mediated neuronal cell death were studied by exposing WT slice cultures to mouse recombinant IL-1 (R & D Systems, London, UK) or mouse or human recombinant TNF-␣ (mouse sequence; R & D Systems; human sequence, Abingdon Peprotech, London, UK) using the following temporal sequences: preincubation for 24 h only before adding 8 M AMPA, preincubation plus coincubation with AMPA, or only coincubation with AMPA (see Fig. 1 B) (Wilde et al, 2000;Pringle et al, 2001). The same protocols were used to study the effect of anti-TNF-␣ antibody (Upstate Biotechnology, Lake Placid, NY) and IL-1ra (R & D Systems).…”