Interleukin 1α and the inflammatory process

Abstract

Inflammation occurs after disruption of tissue homeostasis by cell stress, injury or infection and ultimately involves the recruitment and retention of cells of hematopoietic origin, which arrive at the affected sites to resolve damage and initiate repair. Interleukin 1α (IL-1α) and IL-1β are equally potent inflammatory cytokines that activate the inflammatory process, and their deregulated signaling causes devastating diseases manifested by severe acute or chronic inflammation. Although much attention has been given to understanding the biogenesis of IL-1β, the biogenesis of IL-1α and its distinctive role in the inflammatory process remain poorly defined. In this review we examine key aspects of IL-1α biology and regulation and discuss its emerging importance in the initiation and maintenance of inflammation that underlie the pathology of many human diseases.

The Interleukin (IL)-1R1 pathway is a critical negative regulator of PyMT-mediated mammary tumorigenesis and pulmonary metastasis

“…[7][8][9][10] Both cytokines are synthesized as precursors that are subsequently cleaved into their mature form. 11 Although they mediate their activities by binding to the same cell-surface signaling receptor (IL-1R1), [12][13][14] their individual requirement and impact on disease states are context-dependent. Indeed, the two cytokines have different components that control their availability and maturation.…”

“…It can function as a membrane-bound cytokine 18 or in the nucleus 19 as a transcriptional regulator. 11 During necrotic cell death, IL-1a is released to the extracellular space where it acts as an alarmin 11 that propagates the inflammatory response.…”

Rilonacept maintains long-term inflammatory remission in patients with deficiency of the IL-1 receptor antagonist

“…In contrast to IL-1β, the pathogenic role of IL-1α is not well understood. Many organ-specific cells express IL-1α, thus raising the question of its potential role in tissue homeostasis (24). Since models for in vitro "mimics" of relevant tissue inflammation (skin and bone in DIRA patients) and damage do not currently exist, and Il1rn-knockout mice do not develop the relevant tissue inflammation seen in DIRA patients, it is currently impossible to reliably determine the tissue effect of unopposed IL-1α.…”

Role of interlukin 1 in diabetes mellitus

“…IL-1α is a unique member in the cytokine family which is synthesized as a 31kDa precursor protein, ProIL-1α [3] . IL-1β is primarily synthesized as an immature 31 kDa protein called 1α) and IL-1β are equally ory cytokines that activate the inflammatory process, and their deregulated signaling causes devastating diseases manifested by severe acute or chronic inflammation [5] . IL-1β plays an important role in lipid metabolism by regulating insulin levels and lipase activity under physiological conditions had been well established that inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β play a critical role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, although its role in type 2 diabetic are still not completely elucidated on role of interleukin 1 in Diabetes mellitus.…”