Interleukin-17 Alteration in First-Episode Psychosis: A Meta-Analysis

Fang, Xinyu; Zhang, Yi; Fan, Weixing; Tang, Wei; Zhang, Chen

doi:10.1159/000481661

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The elevation of IL-17 in schizophrenia could be a consequence of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-stimulated differentiation by IL-23, both cytokines that were shown to be elevated through schizophrenia continuance [ 34 , 35 ]. In the recent meta-analysis, there were no specific changes regarding levels of IL-17 in first-episode psychosis patients and the authors even discussed that IL-17 may not be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia [ 36 ]. Interestingly, our previous study showed decreased values of IL-17 in first-episode and non-treated schizophrenia subjects [ 2 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 17 Immune Response Facilitates Progression of Inflammation and Correlates with Cognition in Stable Schizophrenia

et al. 2020

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Dysregulation of the type 17 immune pathway has already been considered in schizophrenia and we previously measured decreased sera values of interleukin (IL)-17 in early stages. We further explored the possible correlation of IL-17 systemic levels with proinflammatory cytokines and cognitive scores and additionally analyzed the percentage of IL-17 producing lymphocytes in peripheral blood of patients with stable schizophrenia. We included 27 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (F20), after a three-month stable depot antipsychotic therapy (risperidone or paliperidone) and 18 healthy control subjects. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale of Schizophrenia and the Montreal-Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were conducted. Sera concentrations of IL-17, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and soluble ST2 receptor (sST2) were measured. Flow cytometry and Natural Killer (NK) and T cell analyses were done in 10 patients and 10 healthy controls. Moderate positive correlation was established between IL-17 and TNF-α (r = 0.640; p = 0.001), IL-17 and IL-6 (r = 0.514; p = 0.006), IL-17 and sST2 (r = 0.394; p = 0.042). Furthermore, a positive correlation between the serum levels of IL-17 and MoCA scores was observed, especially with visuospatial and executive functioning, as well as language functioning and delayed recall (p < 0.05). Significantly higher percentage of IL-17 producing CD56+ NK cells was measured in peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia in remission vs. healthy individuals (p = 0.001). The percentage of CD4+ T cells and CD4+ T cells that produce IL-17 was significantly increased in patients (p = 0.001). This study revealed the involvement of innate type 17 immune response in the progression of inflammation and this could be related to cognitive functioning in stable schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type 17 Immune Response Facilitates Progression of Inflammation and Correlates with Cognition in Stable Schizophrenia

et al. 2020

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“…The literature is inconsistent about IL-17 alterations in schizophrenic patients. A recent meta-analysis found no significant changes in the levels of IL-17 in FEDN patients (60). Non-disturbed levels are also reported in chronic patients experiencing an acute relapse (46).…”

Section: Alterations In the Levels Of Cytokines In Schizophrenic Patimentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine Alterations in Schizophrenia: An Updated Review

2019

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Schizophrenia, a multisystem disorder with an unknown etiology, is associated with several immune dysfunctions, including abnormal levels of circulating cytokines. In this review, we investigated the changes of cytokines in schizophrenic patients, their connection with behavioral symptoms severity and their potential clinical implications. We also assessed the possible causative role of abnormal cytokine levels in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Based on meta-analyses, we categorized cytokines according to their changes in schizophrenic patients into four groups: (1) increased cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, IL-12, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, (2) non-altered cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4, and IL-17, (3) increased or non-altered cytokines, including IL-8 and interferon (IFN)-γ, and (4) IL-10 with increased, decreased, and non-altered levels. Notably, alterations in cytokines may be variable in four different categories of SP, including first-episode and drug-naïve, first-episode and non-drug-naïve, stable chronic, and chronic in acute relapse. Furthermore, disease duration, symptoms severity, incidence of aggression, and cognitive abilities are correlated with levels of certain cytokines. Clinical implications of investigating the levels of cytokine in schizophrenic patients include early diagnosis, novel therapeutic targets development, patient stratification for choosing the best therapeutic protocol, and predicting the prognosis and treatment response. The levels of IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, IL-2 are related to the treatment response. The available evidence shows a potential causative role for cytokines in schizophrenia development. There is a substantial need for studies investigating the levels of cytokines before disease development and delineating the therapeutic implications of the disrupted cytokine levels in schizophrenia.

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“…In schizophrenic patients, IL‐17 levels have been investigated by several research groups, but results were not consistent. A recent meta‐analysis by Fang et al proposed that this cytokine is probably not substantially involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (Fang, Zhang, Fan, Tang, & Zhang, 2018). Among various other cytokines, elevated IL‐17 levels have been linked to post‐traumatic stress disorder in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (Maloley et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, changes over time (PRE = time at admission, W1 = after 1 week of treatment and W6 = after 6 weeks of treatment) in the levels of cytokines for responder and nonresponder were analysed using the linear mixed regression models. involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (Fang, Zhang, Fan, Tang, & Zhang, 2018). Among various other cytokines, elevated IL-17 levels have been linked to post-traumatic stress disorder in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (Maloley et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%