Interleukin 10 and interleukin 10 receptor in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: from bench to bedside lesson

Abstract

Background The differences between adults and children in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) phenotype, severity, complications, co-morbidities, and response to the therapy resulted in the extraction of paediatric IBD. It has been revealed that the substantial role in the development of IBD in children under 6 years of age plays a single genetic mutation (monogenic IBD). On the other hand, in older children and adolescents IBD is usually associated with number of interactions between susceptibility loci (polygenic IBD). Main body Until now there have been described about 60 monogenic defects which affect the variety of immune mechanisms in IBD pathogenesis including epithelial barrier, function of neutrophil granulocytes and phagocytes, T- and B-cell selection and activation, immune inhibitory mechanisms, or apoptosis. Il-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine which modulates innate and adaptive immunity affecting expression of pro-inflammatory molecules and function of the variety of immune cells. Patients with identified defects in Il-10 pathway manifest with life-threating colitis with perianal lesions which occurs within first months of life. Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is curative therapy in children with Il-10 signalling defects. Conclusion Clinical awareness of Il-10 signalling defects enables early recognition and prompt management of the disease.

Strategies for the Identification and Assessment of Bacterial Strains with Specific Probiotic Traits

“…In this way, it can be determined whether a probiotic candidate bacterium can protect cellular permeability while maintaining paracellular TEER values [ 52 , 53 ]. IBD and IBS are associated with an increase in proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-8, and an imbalanced IL-10/IL-12 ratio [ 54 , 55 ]; the importance of this status was previously demonstrated in IL-10 −/− mice [ 56 ]. Another key cytokine is IL-8, also known as CXCL8, a CXC-type chemokine originally identified as a leukocyte chemoattractant [ 57 ].…”

Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines as candidate markers in the diagnosis and assessment of Crohn's disease activity

“…IL-10 is a key anti-inflammatory cytokine influencing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and other functions of many immunocompetent cells. Defects in IL-10 signaling have been reported to be associated with IBD, especially in children [7]. IL-19 has been found to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages, Th1 and Th2 cells and has been suggested to have an anti-inflammatory effect in colitis [8].…”

“…It is suggested that Th1 and Th17 cells self-limit their inflammatory activity via IL-10 expression [26]. Mutations in IL-10 or its receptor genes have been reported to increase susceptibility to IBD [7,27].…”

Parapoxvirus Interleukin-10 Homologues Vary in Their Receptor Binding, Anti-Inflammatory, and Stimulatory Activities

“…IL-10 can act as both an immunosuppressant and immunostimulant, reducing the production of proinflammatory mediators from macrophages and antigen presentation to T cells by dendritic cells (DC), yet activating mast cell, B cell and CD8 T cell proliferation, and increasing interferon γ production and cytotoxic activity. The importance of IL-10 is highlighted by the fact its dysregulation underlies many human diseases, including psoriasis, Crohn’s disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and asthma [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”