Interleukin-1 signaling contributes to acute islet compensation

Cystic fibrosis–related diabetes is caused by islet loss and inflammation

“…A glucose stimulation index (ratio of 16.7 mM glucose to 5.6 mM glucose secretion rates) was also calculated for perifusions. Human islet static insulin secretion measurements were performed at the University of Alberta as previously described (77). The VX compounds were obtained from the CFF.…”

Islet inflammation in type 2 diabetes and physiology

“…However, the fact that lean Il1b-deficient mice exhibit glucose intolerance with reduced islet insulin and Pdx1 transcription (97) clearly indicates that these cytokines and the cells that secrete them also exert beneficial effects. Several analyses on the beneficial effects of low-concentration IL-1β on β cells have been performed, including investigation into the mechanisms involving the Fas-FLIP pathway (97) and insulin granule docking to the plasma membrane (98). Further studies of the physiologic and beneficial functions of islet macrophages and cytokines will enhance the safety and efficacy of therapeutics that target M1-like polarization and cytokine secretion.…”

When beta cells talk back

“…For example, while chronic exposure to IL-1β secreted from islet macrophages during inflammation is toxic to beta cells, acute, low concentrations of IL-1β have an insulinotropic effect on beta cells and play an important role in augmenting insulin secretion during acute stresses and in the postprandial state [15,16]. Like other resident macrophages, islet macrophages are also likely to be important in phagocytosing dead or dying cells and debris and maintaining islet cell homeostasis.…”