Interleukin-1 and Related Cytokines in the Regulation of Inflammation and Immunity

Abstract

Forty years after its naming, interleukin-1 (IL-1) is experiencing a renaissance brought on by the growing understanding of its context-dependent roles and advances in the clinic. Recent studies have identified important roles for members of the IL-1 family-IL-18, IL-33, IL-36, IL-37, and IL-38-in inflammation and immunity. Here, we review the complex functions of IL-1 family members in the orchestration of innate and adaptive immune responses and their diversity and plasticity. We discuss the varied roles of IL-1 family members in immune homeostasis and their contribution to pathologies, including autoimmunity and autoinflammation, dysmetabolism, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. The trans-disease therapeutic activity of anti-IL-1 strategies argues for immunity and inflammation as a metanarrative of modern medicine. 2018). This suggests the evolutive relevance of balanced responses in the IL-1 system. Interleukin-1 receptor family members (ILRs) are present in all vertebrates and originated through ancestral gene duplication 25 S IN CE 1 99 4 T W T EN

Vying for the control of inflammasomes: The cytosolic frontier of enteric bacterial pathogen–host interactions

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Thrombin: Coagulation's master regulator of innate immunity

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“…7 IL-1 exists in two forms, IL-1α and IL-1β, both of which are synthesized as ~33-kDa precursors that can be processed via proteolytic cleavage, to mature cytokines. 8 Our focus is on IL-1α, a key initiating pro-inflammatory factor, implicated in the pathogenesis/progression of several major disorders, including cardiovascular disease, neural inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Constitutively expressed by many cells, hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic, IL-1α is referred to as an "alarmin," rapidly upregulated following exposure to an array of DAMPs that are exposed during oxidative stress, cellular necrosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, radiation, and other so-called "sterile" injuries.…”

Chronic Interleukin-1 exposure triggers selective expansion ofCebpa-deficient multipotent hematopoietic progenitors

“…Prior studies have shown that aging, radiation and chronic inflammation promote HSPC differentiation at the expense of self-renewal (Fleenor et al, 2015a;Mejia-Ramirez and Florian, 2020;Pietras, 2017). The pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1) is important in regulating hematopoiesis and the immune response in the acute setting but can drive pathology in the chronic setting (Mantovani et al, 2019).…”