Interlaminar improvement of carbon fiber/epoxy composites via fluorine‐containing high‐epoxy‐value sizing agent

Qiu, Zhijie; Wang, Yilei; Li, Cheng‐Sen; Yuan, Xiaomin; Zhu, Bo; Liu, Jianjun

doi:10.1002/app.52665

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…According to previous research, the nanoemulsion prepared by Li 21 et al had an average droplet size of 109.8 nm with poor water dispersibility and stability of the nanoemulsion. Qiu 30 et al prepared a kind of nanoemulsion with a droplet size of 96.14 nm. Despite such a small droplet size, the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the composite only increased by 18.34%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial Strengthening of Carbon Fiber/Polypropylene Composites via a Modified Acrylate Nanoemulsion

Zhou,

Zhu,

Yuan

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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In order to enhance the interfacial bonding between carbon fibers (CFs) and the polypropylene (PP) resin matrix, the modified acrylate nanoemulsion was prepared by emulsifying modified chlorinated polypropylene (CPP) by phase conversion. The nanoemulsion is safer and environmentally friendly than commercial solventbased nanoemulsions. The nanoemulsion possesses good stability owing to its regular droplet shape and uniform distribution (droplet size <100 nm, absolute zeta potential >40 mV) and is highly suitable for PP resins. The surface properties of CFs, including chemical composition, morphology, wettability, and interfacial adhesion were systematically investigated. Compared to unsized CFs, the surface roughness of sized CFs was reduced and the surface wettability was improved due to the increased surface oxygen content. As the nanoemulsion was uniformly coated on the CFs, the tensile strength and the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the composite were both enhanced. Specifically, the ILSS of the composite sized with the P3 nanoemulsion has increased by 48.5%, indicating that the composite's mechanical strength and interfacial bonding significantly improved due to the nanoemulsion. On this basis, a dual physical and chemical interfacial strength mechanism of the nanoemulsion in the composite was proposed, and an effective and feasible method was proposed to solve the weak interfacial bonding between CFs and PP.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial Strengthening of Carbon Fiber/Polypropylene Composites via a Modified Acrylate Nanoemulsion

Zhou,

Zhu,

Yuan

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

Self Cite

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“…[12][13][14] The mechanical properties of composite materials are directly determined by the interface between CF and the resin. 3,[15][16][17] However, the solutions to interfacial bonding are different, depending on the characteristics of the resin. [18][19][20][21] PPS is comprised of aromatic rings and sulfides without reactive functional groups on the molecular chain, showing an overall nonpolar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of interfacial properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide resin by sulfur treatment

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The properties of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced thermoplastic resin composites depend on the physical and chemical interaction between the fibers and the resins. However, surface oxidation is not always necessary. In this study, the interaction between CF and Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is enhanced by using an emulsion of reactive sulfur to treat the CF surface. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of CF/PPS composites is experimentally investigated and found to be up to 79.7 MPa, an increase of 36.1% compared to the untreated CF. The enhancement mechanism of the modification method established is inferred. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that sulfur etching on the surface of CF generated new functional groups, which improved the interfacial effect, and tightened the bond between CF and PPS. This indicates that sulfur treatment along with sizing must be a simpler method than surface oxidation to promote the interfacial bonding between CF and PPS.

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Interfacial property enhancement of carbon fiber/epoxy composites via constructing a gradual modulus interphase with a waterborne bio‐based spiro diacetal epoxy emulsion

Deng,

Ma,

Sun

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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In this article, to explore the utilization of bio‐based epoxy resin in the preparation of sizing agents for carbon fibers (CFs), a bio‐based epoxy emulsion (S‐P‐S) derived from spiro diacetal epoxy (SDE) resin was prepared and compared to the traditional diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) based emulsion (D‐P‐D) and a mixed emulsion of S‐P‐S and D‐P‐D (S‐P‐S&D‐P‐D). The CF sized with S‐P‐S (CF‐(S‐P‐S)) showed improved surface oxygen content (22.86%) and roughness (40.9 nm), enhancing wettability and interfacial bonding between the fiber and the matrix. Nanoindentation test and AFM results showed the enhanced interfacial stiffness and a gradual modulus interphase with a thickness of 381 nm in CF‐(S‐P‐S) reinforced epoxy resin composite (CF‐(S‐P‐S)/EP). Therefore, the resulting CF‐(S‐P‐S)/EP composite possesses the best mechanical properties, with the transverse fiber bundle tensile (TFBT) strength of 27.3 ± 1.45 MPa and the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of 85.6 ± 8.26 MPa. These results highlight the potential of the SDE‐based emulsion (S‐P‐S) to enhance the interfacial properties and mechanical performance of CF/EP composite, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum‐based epoxy resins.Highlights Emulsion (S‐P‐S) was prepared using spiro diacetal epoxy (SDE) for carbon fiber sizing. Properties of S‐P‐S sized CF (CF‐(S‐P‐S)) and its composite were evaluated. Spiro diacetal structure created a gradual modulus interphase in CF‐(S‐P‐S)/EP. The interfacial properties of the CF‐(S‐P‐S)/EP composite were greatly improved. Bio‐based SDE resin showed promise for optimizing carbon fiber composite interphase.

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Interlaminar improvement of carbon fiber/epoxy composites via fluorine‐containing high‐epoxy‐value sizing agent

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Interfacial Strengthening of Carbon Fiber/Polypropylene Composites via a Modified Acrylate Nanoemulsion

Interfacial Strengthening of Carbon Fiber/Polypropylene Composites via a Modified Acrylate Nanoemulsion

Enhancement of interfacial properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide resin by sulfur treatment

Interfacial property enhancement of carbon fiber/epoxy composites via constructing a gradual modulus interphase with a waterborne bio‐based spiro diacetal epoxy emulsion

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