Interior design of hierarchical micro/nanostructures for enhancing energy storage ability of polyanilines through frozen interfacial polymerization

One–pot fabrication and capacitive performances of coral-like polyaniline formed in saturated salt solution

“…This unique structure is helpful to increase the area between the active material and electrolyte. Furthermore, five infrared characteristic peaks appeared at 1567, 1488, 1302, 1229, and 1114 cm -1 , as illustrated in Figure 1c, demonstrating that the PANI was in conductive emeraldine salt form [3]. The infrared peak at 1488 and 1567 cm -1 could be ascribed to the C=C stretching deformation of the benzene and the quinone ring, respectively.…”

“…The CV curves at different scan rates of coral-like PANI are shown in Figure 2a. There are three pairs of peaks on 0.10/0.22V, 0.52/0.55V, and 0.75/0.79V corresponding to the redox transition between the leucoemeraldine (LEB) form and emeraldine (EB) form, the transition between benzenoid to quinoid and the redox transition between the EB and pernigraniline (PB), respectively [3]. With the increase in scanning rate, the CV curves showed a transfer of the oxidation and reduction peaks to the positive and negative potentials, respectively.…”

“…Polyaniline (PANI), as an exceptionally conjugated polymer material with highly theoretical specific capacitance, has drawn intense attention in the flexible energy storage system with the growing demand for flexible electronic [1,2]. It is demonstrated that the morphology and structure of PANI electrode materials have a significant effect on their charge storage capacity [2][3][4]. Furthermore, the innovative three-dimensional micro/nanostructured PANI, especially with its unique structure and high orientation, could promote its charge storage ability [3][4][5].…”

“…It is demonstrated that the morphology and structure of PANI electrode materials have a significant effect on their charge storage capacity [2][3][4]. Furthermore, the innovative three-dimensional micro/nanostructured PANI, especially with its unique structure and high orientation, could promote its charge storage ability [3][4][5]. However, many strategies for fabricating coral-like PANI composed of well-defined nanofibers-involved using complex templates, surfactants, toxic solvents, or extreme conditions like frozen or even complex preparation processes [4][5][6].…”

Recent advances in polyaniline-based micro-supercapacitors

“…PANI-based materials have been widely synthesized using diverse methods including solution polymerization, 176 interfacial polymerization, 177 vapor-phase polymerization, 178 seeding polymerization, 179 self-assembling polymerization, 180 sonochemical polymerization, 181 and electrochemical polymerization. 75,104 In this section, we discuss four mainstream synthetic methods, namely, solution polymerization, electrochemical polymerization, interfacial polymerization and vapor-phase polymerization, which are mostly used to fabricate PANI electrode materials with high electrochemical activity for MSCs (Fig.…”