Interim influenza vaccine effectiveness estimates during the 2023 Southern Hemisphere season

Acevedo-Rodriguez, J Gonzalo; Zamudio, Carlos; Kojima, Noah; Krapp, Fiorella; Tsukayama, Pablo; Neciosup-Vera, C Stefany; Gotuzzo, Eduardo

doi:10.1101/2023.09.07.23295154

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The result of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 phylogenetic tree with altered amino acid sequences suggests that the vaccine may be less effective against A(H1N1)pdm09 in Pakistan. Additionally, between September 13, 2022, and January 25, 2023, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) revealed that the vaccination was 54% effective against laboratory‐confirmed influenza A in inpatient and emergency department (ED) settings 30,31 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary analysis of seasonal influenza A viruses in Pakistan 2020–2023

Badar,

Ikram,

Salman

et al. 2024

Influenza Resp Viruses

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IntroductionInfluenza A viruses cause global health concerns due to their high amino acid substitution rates. They are linked to yearly seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. This study focused on sequencing influenza A virus strains in Pakistan.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed the genetic characteristics of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses circulating in Pakistan from January 2020 to January 2023. Whole genome sequences from influenza A (n = 126) virus isolates were amplified and sequenced by the Oxford Nanopore (MinION) platform.ResultsThe HA genes of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 underwent amino acid substitutions at positions K54Q, A186T, Q189E, E224A, R259K, and K308R in sequenced samples. The HA genes of influenza A(H3N2) had amino acid substitutions at G53D, E83K, D104G, I140M, S205F, A212T, and K276R in the sequenced samples. Furthermore, the HA gene sequences of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in this study belonged to subclade 6B.1A.5a.2a. Similarly, the HA gene sequences of influenza A(H3N2) were classified under six subclades (3C.3a.1 and 3C.2a1b.2a [2, 2a.1, 2b, 2c, and 2a.3b]). Notably, amino acid substitutions in other gene segments of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) were also found.ConclusionThese findings indicate influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses co‐circulated during the 2020–2023 influenza season in Pakistan. Continued surveillance is crucial for real‐time monitoring of possible high‐virulence variation and their relevance to existing vaccine strains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%