Abstract:Background: Between October 2022 and January 2023, there has been diverse circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B/Victoria viruses in Europe. Aim: To provide interim 2022/23 influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates from six European studies, covering 16 countries in primary care, emergency care and hospital inpatient settings.Methods: All studies used the test-negative design, although differences in other study characteristics existed, e.g. data sources, patient selection, case definitions … Show more
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