Interhemisphere exchange of hexachlorocyclohexanes, hexachlorobenzene, polychlorobiphenyls, and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane in the lower troposphere

Ballschmiter, Karlheinz; Wittlinger, R

doi:10.1021/es00018a014

Cited by 119 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…According to Ballschmiter and Wittlinger (1991), the environmental levels of many organohalogen compounds in Northern and Southern Hemispheres are a consequence of emissions within each half of the planet independently. As DRCs are pollutants of urban/industrial origin, it is worth mentioning that SP houses a human population of approximately 40 million people (Rudge et al, 2011).…”

Section: Franciscana Dolphinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High accumulation of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners in marine mammals from Brazil: A serious PCB problem

Dorneles

Sanz

Eppe

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

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• Dioxin-like PCBs accounted for over 83% of the total TEQ for all cetaceans • Negative correlations were found between length and TEQ values in franciscanas.• PCB concentrations found are among the highest ever reported for cetaceans. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Blubber samples from three delphinid species (false killer whale, Guiana and rough-toothed dolphin), as well as liver samples from franciscana dolphins were analyzed for dioxins and related compounds (DRCs). Samples were collected from 35 cetaceans stranded or incidentally captured in a highly industrialized and urbanized area (Southeast and Southern Brazilian regions). Dioxin-like PCBs accounted for over 83% of the total TEQ for all cetaceans. Non-ortho coplanar PCBs, for franciscanas (82%), and mono-ortho PCBs (up to 80%), for delphinids, constituted the groups of highest contribution to total TEQ. Regarding franciscana dolphins, significant negative correlations were found between total length (TL) and three variables, ΣTEQ-DRCs, ΣTEQ-PCDF and ΣTEQ non-ortho PCB. An increasing efficiency of the detoxifying activity with the growth of the animal may be a plausible explanation for these findings. This hypothesis is reinforced by the significant negative correlation found between TL and PCB126/PCB169 concentration ratio. DRC concentrations (ng/g lipids) varied from 36 to 3006, for franciscana dolphins, as well as from 356 to 30,776, for delphinids. The sum of dioxin-like and indicator PCBs varied from 34,662 to 279,407 ng/g lipids, for Guiana dolphins from Rio de Janeiro state, which are among the highest PCB concentrations ever reported for cetaceans. The high concentrations found in our study raise concern not only on the conservation of Brazilian coastal cetaceans, but also on the possibility of human health problem due to consumption of fish from Brazilian estuaries.

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Section: Franciscana Dolphinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High accumulation of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners in marine mammals from Brazil: A serious PCB problem

Dorneles

Sanz

Eppe

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Thus, when the use of DDT in a country ceases, its levels are expected to decrease more rapidly while the levels of DDE increases, thereby producing an increasing DDE/DDT ratio. The DDE/DDT ratio is often used as an indicator of recent DDT inputs into the environment; a ratio < 1 indicates recent input (Ballschmiter & Wittlinger, 1991). The absence of DDT and presence of DDE in sediment could imply the disuse of the parent compound, DDT in Ghana.…”

Section: Pesticide Residue Levels In Stream-bed Sedimentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Contamination in Groundwater and Streams Draining Vegetable Plantations in the Ofinso District, Ghana

Botwe¹,

Ntow²,

Nyarko³

2012

Soil Health and Land Use Management

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“…HCB, izomeri HCH te triklorirani, tetraklorirani i pentaklorirani kongeneri PCB-a prisutni su u plinovitoj fazi,dok su DDT i PCB s većim brojem klorovih atoma uglavnom sorbirani na čestice (10). Koncentracije PCB-a i OCP-a u zraku karakteristično ovise o temperaturi.…”

Section: Ocp I Pcb U Zrakuunclassified

“…Omjer koncentracija a-HCH/g-HCH često se rabi kao pokazatelj unosa lindana u okoliš. Omjer blizu 1 (ili manje) upućuje na nedavni unos lindana u okoliš, a visoki omjer a-HCH/g-HCH karakterističan je za područja udaljena od izvora onečišćenja (10,17). Haugen i suradnici (25) uočili su da se koncentracija a-HCH u zraku u Listi (ruralno priobalno mjesto u Norveškoj) smanjila za 50 % između 1990. i 1995. godine, dok se koncentracija lindana nije promijenila.…”

Section: Ocp I Pcb U Zrakuunclassified

Levels and Distribution of PCBs and Organochlorine Pesticides in the Air, Pine Needles, and Human Milk

Kožul

Romanić

2010

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Institut za medicinska istraživanja i medicinu rada, Zagreb, HrvatskaU ovome preglednom radu prikazani su rezultati dobiveni diljem svijeta o raspodjeli i razinama 20 kongenera poliklorbifenila (PCB) i 7 organoklorovih pesticida (OCP) u uzorcima zraka, majčina mlijeka i borovih iglica. Istraživanja prisutnosti navedenih spojeva u tim uzorcima dugi niz godina provode se i u Institutu za medicinska istraživanja i medicinu rada te su u ovome preglednom radu sažeti i ti rezultati. Vidljivo je da su se koncentracije organoklorovih spojeva značajno snizile nakon zakonske zabrane njihove upotrebe, no to se snižavanje usporilo i oni se još nalaze u svim uzorcima. Općenito, više razine PCB-a nađene su u uzorcima s urbanog područja, razine pesticida više u onima gdje je vjerojatno u prošlosti postojala njihova primjena u poljoprivredi, dok je razina HCB-a obično pokazatelj industrijske aktivnosti. γ-HCH određen je u najvišoj koncentraciji u uzorcima zraka i borovih iglica, dok su u ljudima najzastupljeniji DDE i β-HCH. Indikatorski kongeneri PCB-a također su različito zastupljeni u okolišu i ljudima te su tako u zraku i borovim iglicama više koncentracije hlapljivijih nižekloriranih PCB-a, a u ljudima postojanijih višekloriranih PCB-a. Od toksičnih ortho-supstituiranih kongenera PCB-a i u uzorcima ljudi i okoliša najzastupljeniji je PCB-118, dok su najrjeđe detektirana tri najtoksičnija ne-ortho-supstituirana kongenera: PCB-77, PCB-126 i PCB-169. Od organoklorovih pesticida DDD u svim je uzorcima određen u najnižim koncentracijama. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2010;61:339-356 Poliklorbifenili (PCB) i organoklorovi pesticidi (OCP) dio su skupine spojeva poznate kao postojani organski onečišćivači (engl. Persistent Organic Pollutants; POPs). Pridjev postojani dobili su zbog svoje sposobnosti da se dugo zadrže u svim dijelovima okoliša, od tla i sedimenta, preko bilja i životinja, pa do čovjeka. KLJUČNE RIJEČI: crnogorično drveće, ljudi, onečišćenje okoliša, pesticidi, poliklorbifenili, razine organoklorovih spojeva Kožul D, Herceg Romanić S. PCBs AND OCPs IN AIR, PINE NEEDLES, AND HUMAN MILKPCB i OCP dugi su niz godina primjenjivani u raznim granama industrije, poljoprivredi i javnom zdravstvu. No, zbog svoga dugog zadržavanja u okolišu, kao i štetnih učinaka na zdravlje ljudi i životinja izloženih ovim spojevima, njihova je proizvodnja i upotreba u većini zemalja ograničena ili potpuno zabranjena. Ne postoje potpuno pouzdani podaci o tome koliko se tih spojeva proizvelo i upotrijebilo prije njihove službene zabrane te u kojoj su se mjeri nastavili ilegalno upotrebljavati i nakon toga. Također, postoje zalihe pesticida koji su zabranjeni ili čiji je rok uporabe istekao, a koje su velika opasnost za okoliš (1).Od organoklorovih pesticida istražuju se heksaklorbenzen (HCB), α, β i γ-izomeri heksaklorcikloheksana

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Interhemisphere exchange of hexachlorocyclohexanes, hexachlorobenzene, polychlorobiphenyls, and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane in the lower troposphere

Cited by 119 publications

References 28 publications

High accumulation of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners in marine mammals from Brazil: A serious PCB problem

High accumulation of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners in marine mammals from Brazil: A serious PCB problem

Pesticide Contamination in Groundwater and Streams Draining Vegetable Plantations in the Ofinso District, Ghana

Levels and Distribution of PCBs and Organochlorine Pesticides in the Air, Pine Needles, and Human Milk

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