Intergenic recombination in feline calicivirus associated with a hemorrhagic-like disease in the Republic of Korea

Lee, Sook-Young; Kim, Yong-Kwan; Kim, Young‐Sik; Na, Eun-Jee; Kim, Inah; Oem, Jae-Ku

doi:10.4149/av_2021_206

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Recombination is pervasive among RNA viruses and is a major mechanism contributing to the emergence and evolution of new variant strains [34,35]. Recombination was observed in an FCV strain W112 from the UK [36] and a 14Q315 strain from the Republic of Korea [19]. In the present study, the SMU-B5-2020 strain showed evidence of recombination events between cluster I and III members of GI FCV strains, which is reported in China for the first time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

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Molecular Characterization and Cross-Reactivity of Feline Calicivirus Circulating in Southwestern China

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Feline calicivirus (FCV) is an important pathogen of cats that has two genogroups (GI and GII). To investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of FCVs in southwestern China, 162 nasal swab samples were collected from cats in animal shelters and pet hospitals. In total, 38 of the clinical samples (23.46%) were identified as FCV positive using nested RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analyses using 10 capsid protein VP1 sequences revealed that 8 GI and 2 GII strains formed two independent clusters. Additionally, three separated FCVs that were not clustered phylogenetically (two GI and one GII strains) were successfully isolated from clinical samples and their full-length genomes were obtained. Phylogenetic and recombinant analyses of a GI FCV revealed genomic breakpoints in ORF1 and ORF2 regions with evidence for recombinant events between GI sub-genogroups, which is reported in China for the first time. Furthermore, sera obtained from mice immunized independently with the three FCV isolates and a commercial vaccine were used to evaluate the cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies. The three separate FCVs were neutralized by each other at a 1:19 to 1:775 titer range, whereas the triple-inactivated vaccine was at a titer of 1:16, which suggested that different genogroup/sub-genogroup FCV strains exhibit significantly different titers of neutralizing antibodies, including the commercial FCV vaccine. Thus, our study revealed the genetic diversity and complex cross-reactivity levels of FCVs in southwestern China, which provides new insights for application in vaccination strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…In China, most FCV strains belong to GII, and they are closely related to Japanese FCV strains [5,16]. It is worthy to note that new FCV strains have been constantly emerging in recent years owing to the large degree of viral genetic variation [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization and Cross-Reactivity of Feline Calicivirus Circulating in Southwestern China

Zhou

Liu

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…The prevalence of VSD strains causing malignant systemic diseases suggests that FCV constantly mutates under immune selection pressure (Lee et al 2021;Spiri et al 2021). Our selection pressure analysis based on capsid protein of 26 isolates revealed that the protein is under diversifying selection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of feline calicivirus strains from various region of China

Cao

Shi³

et al. 2022

Animal Diseases

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Feline calicivirus (FCV) is an important feline pathogen mainly causing upper respiratory tract disease, conjunctivitis, and stomatitis, and it is classified into genotype I and genotype II. To investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of FCV, this study collected 337 cat swab samples from animal hospitals in different regions of China from 2019 to 2021. The positive detection rate of FCV was 29.9% (101/337) by RT-PCR. Statistical analysis showed that FCV prevalence was significantly associated with living environment (p = 0.0004), age (p = 0.031) and clinical symptoms (p = 0.00), but not with sex (p = 0.092) and breed (p = 0.171). The 26 strains of FCV were isolated using F81 cells. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 10 isolates belonged to genotype I, and 16 isolates belonged to genotype II. These 26 isolates were highly genetically diverse, of which HB7 isolate had three same virulence-related amino acid loci with VSD strains. Potential loci distinguishing different genotypes were identified from 26 isolates, suggesting the genetic relationship between different genotypes. In addition, selection pressure analysis based on capsid protein of 26 isolates revealed that the protein is under diversifying selection. This study reveals the genetic diversity of FCV and provides a reference for the screening of vaccine candidate strains and the development of vaccines with better cross-protection effects.

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“…Among these isolates, R‐FCV GX01‐13 may undergo replacements of the genomic region during virus replication. Recombination of RNA viruses could be regarded as the predominant mechanism and contribute to the emergence and evolution of new variant strains, which was observed in some FCV strains (Bordicchia et al., 2021; Coyne et al., 2006; Lee et al., 2021; Zhou et al., 2021). This is the first time that the recombination of FCV strains occurred within respiratory and enteric origin to our knowledge, suggesting that the high prevalence of co‐infection under the ideal environment or in an individual cat, will lead to a high level of virus diversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐circulation and evolution of genogroups I and II of respiratory and enteric feline calicivirus isolates in cats

Guo

Ding

Sun

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly infectious pathogen that causes upper respiratory tract disease (URTD), but the enteric FCVs raise concerns regarding their role of an enteric pathogen. In this study, between 2019 and 2020, 101 clinical samples from domestic cats with symptoms of URTD, with or without enteritis, were collected for FCV‐specific detection. The FCV‐positive rate reached to 42.4% (28/66) in cats with respiratory symptoms. The rates were 11.1% (3/27) and 12.5% (1/8) when faeces and serum samples were measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), respectively. Ten FCV strains were successfully isolated from respiratory and enteric sources in domestic cats from Guangxi. Phylogenetic analysis based on the genome sequences of 11 isolates (including GX01‐13 isolated in 2013) indicated that the newly characterized FCV strains had two recombinant events in comparison with other FCVs and were of respiratory and enteric origins. These strains displayed high genetic diversity, and they were divided into two genogroups (I and II). Of these, the GXNN02‐19 isolate was grouped with previously published Chinese isolates that were identified as genogroup II, which contained three specific amino acid residues (377K, 539V and 557S) in the VP1 protein. In addition, the three enteric viruses appeared genetically heterogeneous to each other. All isolates were found to be more sensitive when exposed to low pH conditions, but they were resistant to treatment with trypsin and bile salts. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the respiratory and enteric FCVs. Our results showed that the genetically distinct FCV strains with genogroups I and II from respiratory and enteric origins were co‐circulating in this geographical area. Also, it was revealed that the potential recombinant events between the enteric and respiratory FCVs suggested an important role of enteric FCV during the evolution.

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Intergenic recombination in feline calicivirus associated with a hemorrhagic-like disease in the Republic of Korea

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Molecular Characterization and Cross-Reactivity of Feline Calicivirus Circulating in Southwestern China

Molecular Characterization and Cross-Reactivity of Feline Calicivirus Circulating in Southwestern China

Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of feline calicivirus strains from various region of China

Co‐circulation and evolution of genogroups I and II of respiratory and enteric feline calicivirus isolates in cats

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