Intergenerationally Maintained Histone H4 Lysine 16 Acetylation Is Instructive for Future Gene Activation

Samata, Maria; Alexiadis, Anastasios; Richard, Gautier; Georgiev, Plamen; Nuebler, Johannes; Kulkarni, Tanvi; Renschler, Gina; Basilicata, M. Felicia; Zenk, Fides; Shvedunova, Maria; Semplicio, Giuseppe; Mirny, Leonid A.; Iovino, Nicola; Akhtar, Asifa

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.026

Cited by 61 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…msl-3 and mof mRNA levels drop along development, whereas mle and msl-2 appear continuously expressed ( Fig 1F ). In Drosophila , msl-2 and mle expression exhibits a different pattern during embryogenesis, with a pronounced induction shortly after zygotic genome activation (ZGA) ([ Lott et al, 2011 ; Samata et al, 2020 ], Fig S1E ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct mechanisms mediate X chromosome dosage compensation in Anopheles and Drosophila

et al. 2021

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Sex chromosomes induce potentially deleterious gene expression imbalances that are frequently corrected by dosage compensation (DC). Three distinct molecular strategies to achieve DC have been previously described in nematodes, fruit flies, and mammals. Is this a consequence of distinct genomes, functional or ecological constraints, or random initial commitment to an evolutionary trajectory? Here, we study DC in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. The Anopheles and Drosophila X chromosomes evolved independently but share a high degree of homology. We find that Anopheles achieves DC by a mechanism distinct from the Drosophila MSL complex–histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation pathway. CRISPR knockout of Anopheles msl-2 leads to embryonic lethality in both sexes. Transcriptome analyses indicate that this phenotype is not a consequence of defective X chromosome DC. By immunofluorescence and ChIP, H4K16ac does not preferentially enrich on the male X. Instead, the mosquito MSL pathway regulates conserved developmental genes. We conclude that a novel mechanism confers X chromosome up-regulation in Anopheles. Our findings highlight the pluralism of gene-dosage buffering mechanisms even under similar genomic and functional constraints.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct mechanisms mediate X chromosome dosage compensation in Anopheles and Drosophila

et al. 2021

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“…Notably, the loss of parental histone modifications appears to be more extensive in early embryos of lower organisms such as zebrafish and frog, where cell cycles are much faster than those in mammals and rapid cell division presumably dilutes parental histone marks ( Akkers et al., 2009 ; Murphy et al., 2018 ; Vastenhouw et al., 2010 ; Zhang et al., 2018a ). However, several studies also reported that oocyte-transmitted histone modifications can function in early fly embryos ( Samata et al., 2020 ; Zenk et al., 2017 ). Overall, these fascinating findings beg the question as to why different parental marks adapt different reprogramming modes, as some are inherited while others are lost in early embryos.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rebooting the Epigenomes during Mammalian Early Embryogenesis

Xia

Xie

2020

Stem Cell Reports

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Summary Upon fertilization, terminally differentiated gametes are transformed to a totipotent zygote, which gives rise to an embryo. How parental epigenetic memories are inherited and reprogrammed to accommodate parental-to-zygotic transition remains a fundamental question in developmental biology, epigenetics, and stem cell biology. With the rapid advancement of ultra-sensitive or single-cell epigenome analysis methods, unusual principles of epigenetic reprogramming begin to be unveiled. Emerging data reveal that in many species, the parental epigenome undergoes dramatic reprogramming followed by subsequent re-establishment of the embryo epigenome, leading to epigenetic “rebooting.” Here, we discuss recent progress in understanding epigenetic reprogramming and their functions during mammalian early development. We also highlight the conserved and species-specific principles underlying diverse regulation of the epigenome in early embryos during evolution.

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“…Several priming mechanisms have been reported to guide the widespread transcription of the zygotic genome [13]. This includes maternally inherited H4K16ac histone code [53], binding of Zelda and GAGA-factor [54,55], and preloading of Pol II [27,28]. We analyzed whether the gene sets used in this study were enriched for any of these features (S2D-S2K Fig and S1 Data).…”

Section: Transcriptome Dynamics Of the Embryos Arrested In Cycle 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interphase-arrested Drosophila embryos activate zygotic gene expression and initiate mid-blastula transition events at a low nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio

et al. 2020

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Externally deposited eggs begin development with an immense cytoplasm and a single overwhelmed nucleus. Rapid mitotic cycles restore normality as the ratio of nuclei to cytoplasm (N/C) increases. A threshold N/C has been widely proposed to activate zygotic genome transcription and onset of morphogenesis at the mid-blastula transition (MBT). To test whether a threshold N/C is required for these events, we blocked N/C increase by down-regulating cyclin/Cdk1 to arrest early cell cycles in Drosophila. Embryos that were arrested two cell cycles prior to the normal MBT activated widespread transcription of the zygotic genome including genes previously described as N/C dependent. Zygotic transcription of these genes largely retained features of their regulation in space and time. Furthermore, zygotically regulated post-MBT events such as cellularization and gastrulation movements occurred in these cell cycle-arrested embryos. These results are not compatible with models suggesting that these MBT events are directly coupled to N/C. Cyclin/Cdk1 activity normally declines in tight association with increasing N/C and is regulated by N/C. By experimentally promoting the decrease in cyclin/Cdk1, we uncoupled MBT from N/C increase, arguing that N/C-guided down-regulation of cyclin/Cdk1 is sufficient for genome activation and MBT.

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Intergenerationally Maintained Histone H4 Lysine 16 Acetylation Is Instructive for Future Gene Activation

Cited by 61 publications

References 102 publications

Distinct mechanisms mediate X chromosome dosage compensation in Anopheles and Drosophila

Distinct mechanisms mediate X chromosome dosage compensation in Anopheles and Drosophila

Rebooting the Epigenomes during Mammalian Early Embryogenesis

Interphase-arrested Drosophila embryos activate zygotic gene expression and initiate mid-blastula transition events at a low nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio

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