Intergenerational toxicity of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP-9) in Caenorhabditis elegans

Parra-Guerra, Ana De la; Stürzenbaum, Stephen R.; Olívero-Verbel, Jesús

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110588

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…However, it is smaller than PHA (20.055 ± 9.748), and it can be seen from the standard deviation that the exposure volume has a certain effect on iSPAN of EUG, but it is much smaller than that of PHA (Table S1). Compared with other substances such as cadmium chloride, copper chloride, zinc chloride, gallic acid, and nonylphenol ethoxide, − the iSPAN of EUG is much larger. In conclusion, the flavor chemicals have a significant toxic effect on C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of Flavor Chemical Eugenol Attenuating the Synergistic Toxicological Interactions of Flavor Mixtures

et al. 2022

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The flavor chemicals benzyl alcohol (BEA), phenylethanol (PHA), and cinnamaldehyde (CID) and their binary mixtures have high toxicity sensitivity to the lethal endpoint of Caenorhabditis elegans . Some binary flavor mixtures even have synergistic toxicological interactions. Eugenol (EUG) is closely related to human life and has many special nonlethal effects on organisms. The effect of its introduction on the combined toxicities of flavor mixtures is worth studying. We introduced EUG into three binary (BEA-PHA, BEA-CID, and PHA-CID) and one ternary (BEA-PHA-CID) flavor mixture systems. Five representative mixture rays were selected from each of the four mixture systems using the uniform design ray (UD-Ray) method. The lethal toxicity of each mixture ray to C. elegans was measured at three different exposure volumes (100, 200, and 400 μL), and a dose–effect model was established. The new parameter iSPAN was used to quantitatively characterize the toxicity sensitivity of each chemical and mixture ray. The toxicological interaction of each mixture was evaluated by the toxicological interaction heatmap based on the combination index (CI). It can be seen that all flavor chemicals and their ternary and quaternary mixture rays have high iSPANs, and the highest value is 16.160 (BEA-PHA-CID-EUG-R1 at 400 μL). According to the heatmap and CI, the introduction of EUG attenuates the synergistic toxicological interactions of flavor mixtures, leading to the transformation ofsynergistic interactions in flavor mixtures into additive action and even antagonistic interaction, and the CI value of the antagonistic interaction is up to 1.8494 (BEA-CID-EUG-R4 at 400 μL).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of Flavor Chemical Eugenol Attenuating the Synergistic Toxicological Interactions of Flavor Mixtures

et al. 2022

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“…12) is 1.000–1.250 and so on. 31 , 41 , 62 − 65 The least one is only 0.40, the iSPAN of cadmium chloride (no. 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because CID is often used as the main component of insecticides, 26 special attention should be paid to the use of CID; otherwise, it will cause harm to crops, animals, and the soil ecological environment. 25 The toxicity indexes of most of the chemicals to organisms reported in the literature are often EC 50 or LC 50 , 29,31,66 which cannot reflect the toxicity sensitivities of chemicals or the speed of toxicity changing with the concentration. For the chemicals with high iSPANs (such as greater than 3), slight changes in concentration will lead to significant changes in toxicity, so it is necessary to obtain other effective concentrations, such as EC 20 and EC 80 to obtain the iSPANs, which are particularly important for the toxicity assessments of chemicals with high toxicity sensitivities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…elegans are 1.250–2.000, and that of 3-methyl-1-octylimidazole chloride (no. 12) is 1.000–1.250 and so on. ,,− The least one is only 0.40, the iSPAN of cadmium chloride (no. 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, through some research results, − we find that different toxic chemicals or mixture rays have different toxicity sensitivities to different organisms. The toxicities of chemicals with strong toxicity sensitivities change significantly with the slight changes in the effective concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Study on the Combined Toxicities and Quantitative Characterization of Toxicity Sensitivities of Three Flavor Chemicals and Their Mixtures to Caenorhabditis elegans

et al. 2021

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It was shown that flavor chemicals with high toxicity sensitivities mean that small changes in their effective concentrations can lead to significant changes in toxicity. Flavors are widely used in personal care products. However, our study demonstrated that some flavor chemicals and their mixture rays have high toxicity sensitivities to Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ), which may have an impact on human health. In this paper, three flavor chemicals (benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, and cinnamaldehyde) were used as components of the mixture, and three binary mixture systems were constructed, respectively. Five mixture rays were designed for each mixture system by a direct equipartition ray design method. The lethal toxicities of the three flavor chemicals and mixture rays to C. elegans at three exposure volumes were determined. A new concept (inverse of the negative logarithmic concentration span (iSPAN)) was introduced to quantitatively evaluate the toxicity sensitivity of chemicals or mixture rays, and the combination index (CI) was employed to identify the toxicological interactions in the mixtures. It was shown that the three flavor chemicals as well as the binary mixture rays have a significant concentration–response relationship on the lethality of C. elegans . The iSPAN values of the three flavor chemicals and their mixture rays were larger than 3.000, showing very strong toxicity sensitivity to C. elegans . In mixture systems, the toxicity sensitivities of mixture rays with different mixture ratios were also different at different exposure volumes. In addition, it can be seen from the CI heat map that the toxicological interaction not only shows the mixture ratio dependence but also changes with the different exposure volumes, which implies that the mixtures consisting of flavor chemicals with high toxicity sensitivity have complex toxicological interactions. Therefore, in environmental risk assessment, special attention should be paid to chemicals with high toxicity sensitivities.

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Studies of Endocrine Disruptors: Nonylphenol and Isomers in Biological Models

Parra-Guerra

Acevedo-Barrios

2023

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Certain emerging pollutants are among the most widely used chemicals globally, causing widespread concern in relation to their use in products devoted to cleaniness and asepsis. Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEOn) is one such contaminant, along with its degradation product, nonylphenol, an active ingredient presents in nonionic surfactants used as herbicides, cosmetics, paints, plastics, disinfectants, and detergents. These chemicals and their metabolites are commonly found in environmental matrices. Nonylphenol and NPEOn, used, are particularly concerning, given their role as endocrine disruptors chemical and possible neurotoxic effects recorded in several biological models, primarily aquatic organisms. Limiting and detecting these compounds remain of paramount importance. The objective of the present review was to evaluate the toxic effects of nonylphenol and NPEOn in different biological models.

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Intergenerational toxicity of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP-9) in Caenorhabditis elegans

Cited by 13 publications

References 94 publications

Introduction of Flavor Chemical Eugenol Attenuating the Synergistic Toxicological Interactions of Flavor Mixtures

Introduction of Flavor Chemical Eugenol Attenuating the Synergistic Toxicological Interactions of Flavor Mixtures

Study on the Combined Toxicities and Quantitative Characterization of Toxicity Sensitivities of Three Flavor Chemicals and Their Mixtures to Caenorhabditis elegans

Studies of Endocrine Disruptors: Nonylphenol and Isomers in Biological Models

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