Intergenerational Mobility in Australia

Leigh, Andrew

doi:10.2202/1935-1682.1781

Cited by 78 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Trends in educational outcomes and wider social mobility for children are more mixed. Studies by Leigh (2007) and Marks (2009) both examine trends in intergenerational mobility in Australia since the 1960s, but draw different conclusions. Leigh (2007), in a study of four surveys conducted between 1965 and 2004 looks at how the relationship of fathers' and sons' earnings changed in Australia for sons who were born between 1910 and 1979.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies by Leigh (2007) and Marks (2009) both examine trends in intergenerational mobility in Australia since the 1960s, but draw different conclusions. Leigh (2007), in a study of four surveys conducted between 1965 and 2004 looks at how the relationship of fathers' and sons' earnings changed in Australia for sons who were born between 1910 and 1979. In general, while he finds that mobility in Australia is reasonably high (for example, higher than in the US), he fails to find evidence that the extent of mobility changed much during the 20 th century.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uncertain Impacts: Trends in Public Expenditure on Children and Child Outcomes in Australia since the 1980s

Redmond

2012

Child Ind Res

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One of the purposes of social indicators is to inform policy, so that policymakers can respond to emerging trends and changing needs. Many policy responses are resource-based -that is, they involve changes in expenditure, and the size and purpose of public expenditure is an important indicator of policy effort. This article shows that between the 1980s and the mid-2000s, successive Australian governments increased expenditure on children to a greater extent than they did on elderly Australians. They also increasingly focused public expenditure on younger children, and on poorer children. Since the mid-2000s, while the focus of public expenditure on younger and poorer children appears to continue, the size of the public expenditure budget for children is no longer increasing greatly, suggesting that policy prioritisation of children overall may have come to an end. Yet even while public expenditure on children was increasing, a review of available indicators suggests that trends in Australian children's outcomes were not uniformly positive. In particular there is little substantive evidence that disparities in outcomes between children from lower and higher socio-economic backgrounds fell substantially. This raises questions of how the efficacy of public expenditure should be measured, and how the child indicators movement can rise to this challenge.2

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertain Impacts: Trends in Public Expenditure on Children and Child Outcomes in Australia since the 1980s

Redmond

2012

Child Ind Res

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“…Piraino (2007) 4. broad education and detailed (3 digit) occupation -e.g. Leigh (2007) This guides the combination of Z used in this paper. Table 1 illustrates the variables we include in five different firststage model specifications (henceforth M1 to M5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Sample Two-Stage Least Squares (TSTSLS) Estimates of Earnings Mobility: How Consistent are They?

2014

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Academics and policymakers have shown great interest in cross-national comparisons of intergenerational earnings mobility. However, producing consistent and comparable estimates of earnings mobility is not a trivial task. In most countries researchers are unable to observe earnings information for two generations. They are thus forced to rely upon imputed data from different surveys instead. This paper builds upon previous work by considering the consistency of the intergenerational correlation (ρ) as well as the elasticity (β), how this changes when using a range of different instrumental (imputer) variables, and highlighting an important but infrequently discussed measurement issue. Our key finding is that, while TSTSLS estimates of β and ρ are both likely to be inconsistent, the magnitude of this problem is much greater for the former than it is for the latter. We conclude by offering advice on estimating earnings mobility using this methodology.

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“…Literature on changes in the relationship between parents' socio-economic status and outcomes across generations mainly focuses on comparisons of adults in successive generations -for example, the relative socio-economic status of sons and their fathers (Leigh 2007;Marks 2009;Checchi, Fiorio et al 2013), or comparison of educational achievements of older children and their parents' socio-economic status (Rothman 2003). However, comparisons of adult and older child cohorts fail to address the question of the processes by which children from different backgrounds reach similar -or different -outcomes to those of their parents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How has the relationship between parental education and child outcomes changed in Australia since the 1980s?

Redmond¹,

Katz²,

Smart³

et al. 2013

Aust J Social Issues

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This paper examines how the relationship between parents' educational achievement (a marker of their socio‐economic status) and children's early developmental outcomes has evolved in Australia since the early 1980s. The specific focus of this paper is whether the gradient in children's early developmental outcomes by parents' education has changed since the 1980s. A comparative analysis of two surveys is undertaken that follows Australian cohorts of children through their early years – the Australian Temperament Project (following children born in Victoria in the early 1980s) and the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (following a representative sample of children born in Australia in 1999). The analysis shows that the relationship between parental education and children's early developmental outcomes does not in general appear to have changed greatly over the years. The gradient associated with behaviour difficulties, persistence in behaviour difficulties over time, and in reading skills has either remained the same or strengthened somewhat, while the gradient associated with social skills has weakened. The paper concludes with a discussion of issues that might explain these trends.

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Intergenerational Mobility in Australia

Cited by 78 publications

References 48 publications

Uncertain Impacts: Trends in Public Expenditure on Children and Child Outcomes in Australia since the 1980s

Uncertain Impacts: Trends in Public Expenditure on Children and Child Outcomes in Australia since the 1980s

Two-Sample Two-Stage Least Squares (TSTSLS) Estimates of Earnings Mobility: How Consistent are They?

How has the relationship between parental education and child outcomes changed in Australia since the 1980s?

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