Intergenerational Income Mobility and the Role of Family Background

Björklund, Anders; Jäntti, Markus

doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199606061.013.0020

Cited by 238 publications

(295 citation statements)

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“…Overall, this value puts Japan in an intermediate position, compared to other developed countries, on the scale of intergenerational mobility. For instance, among the countries surveyed in Björklund & Jäntti (2009), Japan appears more mobile than the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy and France, all of which exhibit an IGE greater than .4, comparable to Germany but less mobile than Scandinavian countries, Australia and Canada.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While available evidence has contributed to a rich description of the extent of intergenerational transmission, the mechanisms responsible for this transmission remain largely unstudied. In particular, although evidence seems to suggests that countries where income inequality is lower also exhibit more intergenerational mobility, as discussed for instance in Björklund & Jäntti (2009) and Lefranc, Pistolesi & Trannoy (2008), the contribution of key ingredients of the mobility process, such as such labor market institutions, wage inequality and educational institutions is still, from an empirical perspective, unclear. To this end, the gathering of international evidence on the extent of intergenerational mobility in countries with different social and economic structure appears as an important step.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intergenerational earnings mobility in Japan among sons and daughters: levels and trends

2013

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. Father's income is predicted on the basis of a rich set of variables including education, occupation and job characteristics and we discuss changes in the Japanese earnings structure for cohorts born between the early 1900s and the 1960s. Our main results indicate that the intergenerational income elasticity (IGE) for both sons and daughters, in Japan lies around .35, which is an intermediate value, by international standards. We discuss the sensitivity of the IGE to using either personal or family income as the income variable for both fathers and children and perform some robustness analysis with respect to the first-step specification and to the age selection rule for children. We also examine changes across cohorts in the IGE. Results indicate that intergenerational mobility has been roughly stable over the last decades. Lastly, we estimate the intergenerational correlation of earnings. JEL Classification:D1, D3, J3

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intergenerational earnings mobility in Japan among sons and daughters: levels and trends

2013

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“…It is an empirical issue, to which we soon turn, to determine the relative importance of the observed parental characteristic and the other factors shared by the siblings. A recent summary by Björklund & Jäntti (2009) of intergenerational and sibling correlations for long-run earnings suggests that less than half of the sibling correlation can be accounted for by father's earnings.…”

Section: The Relationship Between Sibling and Intergenerational Corrementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, recent surveys show estimates of intergenerational income elasticities for several countries, and corresponding estimates of years of schooling for a very large number of countries (Björklund & Jäntti 2009, Corak 2006, Hertz et al 2007 . As a complement and in order to understand the mechanisms behind these associations, it is also of interest to learn about the intergenerational transmission of skills and abilities, for example such ones called IQ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IQ and Family Background: Are Associations Strong or Weak?

Björklund¹,

Eriksson²,

Jäntti³

2010

The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis &Amp; Policy

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. We use a large representative sample of Swedish men to examine both intergenerational and sibling correlations in IQ. Since siblings share both parental factors and neighbourhood influences, the sibling correlation is a broader measure of the importance of family background than the intergenerational correlation. We use IQ data from the Swedish military enlistment tests. The correlation in IQ between fathers (born 1951-1956) and sons (born 1966-1980) is estimated to 0.347. The corresponding estimate for brothers (born 1951-1968) is 0.473, suggesting that family background explains approximately 50% of a person's IQ. Estimating sibling correlations in IQ we thus find that family background has a substantially larger impact on IQ than has been indicated by previous studies examining only intergenerational correlations in IQ. JEL Classification:J0, I0, J1

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“…In such a society with high IGE, the degree of equality of opportunity is relatively modest. In 3 For previous intensive surveys, see Björklund and Jäntti (2009), Black and Devereux (2011), Blanden (2013, Corak (2006), andSolon (2002 In addition to using the TS2SLS estimator, this paper employs the transition mobility matrix approach to investigate intergenerational mobility of earnings and income in Vietnam. The transition mobility matrix is seen as a complementary approach to a mean regression in the exploration of intergenerational mobility.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%