Intergenerational Externalities Influence for Exploitation Process of Rare Metal Minerals

Abstract

Rare metal minerals are important strategic resources. Promoting the sustainable development of their mining process is not only related to energy and environmental issues, but also directly affects the sustainable development of the entire supply chain. Considering the influence of intergenerational externalities on the equilibrium in the rare metal mineral exploitation process is of critical significance to maintaining the sustainable development of rare metal minerals and securing a sustainable resource exploitation process. This paper develops a sustainability analysis model based on an intergenerational externalities influence and examines the influence of the shift in comprehensive production cost burden through the whole supply chain, which aims at the sustainable development of the exploitation process of rare metal minerals. The results indicate that in a vertically linked industrial chain, the upstream and downstream structure of the supply chain and the type of production cost are the factors that determine sustainable development. Upstream suppliers or countries should design their production systems based on their own circumstances. Specifically, when an upstream country has a low technological level for mineral exploitation processes and high development costs, a resource tax would be more effective in mediating sustainable development.

Can Carbon Offset Policies Be Effectively Implemented in All Regions of China? An Evolutionary Game Analysis of Decision-Making Dynamics of Local Governments

“…The optimal stable equilibrium strategy can be achieved by limiting the penalties and rewards issued by the central government [20][21][22]. The relevant stakeholders of carbon offsetting of mineral resources include the central government, local governments, central enterprises, local enterprises, and rural residents [23,24]; two or three of them can be selected to construct a game model. Studies have shown that, under government supervision, increasing subsidies to carbon offsetting enterprises can motivate them to conduct carbon offsetting work [25][26][27].…”