Intergenerational Effects of Incarceration

Bhuller, Manudeep; Dahl, Gordon B.; Løken, Katrine Vellesen; Mogstad, Magne

doi:10.1257/pandp.20181005

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In contrast, we find that parental incarceration increases the probability of a criminal conviction between the ages of 15-17 by 5.4 percentage points (22.9%), with the 95 percent confidence interval ranging from only -0.01 to 11.7 percentage points. The OLS estimates in the two papers are similar, however, at 1.0 percentage points (7.6%) in Bhuller et al (2018) and 2.0 percentage points (8.5%) in our paper.…”

Section: A the Swedish Court Systemsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Data limitations prevent Norris, Pecenco and Weaver from estimating the effects of incarceration on the other defendant and child outcomes included in our paper, such as employment, earnings, and household structure. 5 For example, Bhuller et al (2018) find that parental incarceration decreases the probability that the child has a criminal charge over the next 10 years by 3.5 percentage points (26.5%), with the 95 percent confidence interval ranging from -19.66 to 13.66 percentage points. In contrast, we find that parental incarceration increases the probability of a criminal conviction between the ages of 15-17 by 5.4 percentage points (22.9%), with the 95 percent confidence interval ranging from only -0.01 to 11.7 percentage points.…”

Section: A the Swedish Court Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also find statistically precise null or positive effects on neighborhood quality in our data, suggesting that neighborhood outcomes may be a poor proxy for long-run socioeconomic outcomes in this setting. 4 Finally, Bhuller et al (2018) find an imprecisely estimated effect of parental incarceration on criminal behavior and school performance for children in Norway using a random-judge design. Unfortunately, the point estimates in Bhuller et al (2018) are too imprecise to allow for an informative comparison with the results in our paper.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Finally, Bhuller et al (2018) find an imprecisely estimated effect of parental incarceration on criminal behavior and school performance for children in Norway using a random-judge design. Unfortunately, the point estimates in Bhuller et al (2018) are too imprecise to allow for an informative comparison with the results in our paper. 5…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Intergenerational Effects of Parental Incarceration

Dobbie¹,

Grönqvist²,

Niknami³

et al. 2019

SSRN Journal

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We estimate the causal effects of parental incarceration on children's short-and long-run outcomes using administrative data from Sweden. Our empirical strategy exploits exogenous variation in parental incarceration from the random assignment of criminal defendants to judges with different incarceration tendencies. We find that the incarceration of a parent in childhood leads to a significant increase in teen crime and significant decreases in educational attainment and adult employment. The effects are concentrated among children from the most disadvantaged families, where criminal convictions increase by 10 percentage points, high school graduation decreases by 25 percentage points, and employment at age 25 decreases by 29 percentage points. In contrast, there are no detectable effects among children from more advantaged families. These results suggest that the incarceration of parents with young children may significantly increase the intergenerational persistence of poverty and criminal behavior, even in affluent countries with extensive social safety nets.

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Section: A the Swedish Court Systemsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: A the Swedish Court Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Intergenerational Effects of Parental Incarceration

Dobbie¹,

Grönqvist²,

Niknami³

et al. 2019

SSRN Journal

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“…In our two-stage least squares results, we use this leave-out judge stringency measure, Z ptj , as an instrumental variable for whether a parent is incarcerated. 13 We calculate our instrument across all defendants and cases (e.g., cases involving both male and female defendants), but allow the instrument to vary across years in order to capture the fact that judge tendencies tend to evolve over time. While we find that judge stringency is correlated 12 We construct crime-type controls using detailed information on each charge.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intergenerational Effects of Parental Incarceration

Dobbie

Grönqvist

Niknami

et al. 2018

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Zidar, and numerous seminar participants for helpful comments and suggestions. Kevin DeLuca, Nicole Gandre, Disa Hynsjo, James Reeves, Amy Wickett, and numerous students in Sweden provided excellent research assistance. Ann-Sofie Arvidsson, Malcolm Pettersson, and many others provided invaluable help in answering our questions about the institutional context. Funding for this project was provided by FORTE and Handelsbankens forskningsstiftelser. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications.

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The intergenerational persistence of opioid dependence: Evidence from administrative data

Ahammer

Halla

2022

Health Economics

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Opioid dependence, misuse, and overdoses are serious public health problems faced by many countries. Particularly in the United States (US) and Canada, the use of opioids has surged since the late 1990s. This trend is observed for both illicit opioids, such as heroin, and prescription opioids. Today, both countries are in the midst of a devastating opioid epidemic, which is likely to become even worse during the COVID-19 pandemic. 1 Some observers are worried that this epidemic could soon swap over to other countries. 2 In Europe, overdose deaths have recently begun to increase again too. Especially the emergence of potent synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl, is alarming (EMCDDA, 2017). To address this crisis and understand its persistence, it is crucial to identify important predictors of opioid dependence.Opioid dependence not only has a negative impact on users themselves but harms entire families. Children are particularly vulnerable. The incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome, a condition that occurs if babies are exposed to opioids in utero, has increased almost fourfold between 2004(Tolia et al., 2015. Affected babies experience severe withdrawal symptoms up to 6 months after birth (McQueen & Murphy-Oikonen, 2016) and are more likely to have adverse outcomes in later life (Maguire et al., 2016). Children exposed to parental opioid dependence postnatally face obstacles as well. They are more likely to grow up in an unstable environment with economic and emotional challenges, such as secrecy, loss, conflict, violence, and fear (Nunes et al., 2000). Such childhood experiences are associated with severe limitations in economic and social functioning later in life, which may increase the likelihood of children's own substance abuse. Thus, the family is potentially an important factor in explaining opioid addiction.

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Intergenerational Effects of Incarceration

Cited by 45 publications

References 9 publications

The Intergenerational Effects of Parental Incarceration

The Intergenerational Effects of Parental Incarceration

The Intergenerational Effects of Parental Incarceration

The intergenerational persistence of opioid dependence: Evidence from administrative data

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