Interferon-λ Mediates Oral Tolerance and Inhibits Antigen-Specific, T-Helper 2 Cell–Mediated Inflammation in Mouse Intestine

Glioma-derived T Cell Immunoglobulin- and Mucin Domain-containing Molecule-4 (TIM4) Contributes to Tumor Tolerance

“…The results showed that the signals of CD3 and PS were located inside Ms (Fig. 4A); this phenomenon implied that Ms phagocytosed the apoptotic T cells, as shown in several other studies on the induction of immune tolerance (23,24). The finding was confirmed by subsequent in vitro experiments (Fig.…”

Insulin-like Growth Factor-2 Enhances Functions of Antigen (Ag)-specific Regulatory B Cells

“…OVAsBC Isolation-LPMCs were isolated following our established procedures (14,17), and OVA tetramer was added to the cells at a concentration of 2 g/ml. The cells were incubated at room temperature for 30 min and then passed through the columns in the magnetic apparatus provided by Miltenyi Biotech.…”

“…Assessment of Intestinal Allergic Inflammation-Following our established procedures (14,17), we assessed the intestinal allergic inflammation by examining the serum levels of OVAspecific IgE, IL-4, and IL-13; counting the numbers of mast cells and eosinophils in jejunal sections; and evaluating the Ag-specific CD4 ϩ T cell proliferation by the CFSE dilution assay following our established procedures (14,15). After oral challenge with the specific Ags, diarrhea and core temperature were also recorded (14,15).…”

“…The allergic mice were treated with ASIT and/or IGF2. The allergic inflammation in the small intestine was assessed with the parameters and procedures we reported previously (15,17). As compared with naïve control group, mice sensitized to OVA showed high serum levels of OVA-specific IgE, low levels of IgG4 (Fig.…”

Antigen-specific Immunotherapy Regulates B Cell Activities in the Intestine

“…Mouse Model of Intestinal Sensitization-Following published procedures (14) with modification, mice were treated with ovalbumin (OVA) (0.1 mg/mouse, mixed in 0.1 ml alum) via subcutaneous injection on day 0, day 3 and day 6. The mice were gavage-fed with OVA (0.5 mg/mouse in 0.3 ml saline) on day 9, 11 and 13 respectively.…”