Interferon-γ Decreases Cell Surface Expression of Galactosyl Ceramide, the Receptor for HIV-1 GP120 on Human Colonic Epithelial Cells

Yahi, Nouara; Spitalnik, Steven L.; Stefano, Kelly; Micco, Philippe de; González‐Scarano, Francisco; Fantini, Jacques

doi:10.1006/viro.1994.1568

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, previous studies highlighted that an induced dose-dependent inhibition of GalCer expression on the cell surface, after treatment with recombinant gamma-interferon (rIFN-γ), caused reduced viral (HIV- 1) infection by decreasing GalCer synthesis and expression [61]. This may be explained by a certain level of competition between IFN-γ and UGT8, in accordance with the identified PPL.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

A systematic analysis of a mi-RNA inter-pathway regulatory motif

Carlo

Politano

Savino

et al. 2013

J Clin Bioinformatics

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BackgroundThe continuing discovery of new types and functions of small non-coding RNAs is suggesting the presence of regulatory mechanisms far more complex than the ones currently used to study and design Gene Regulatory Networks. Just focusing on the roles of micro RNAs (miRNAs), they have been found to be part of several intra-pathway regulatory motifs. However, inter-pathway regulatory mechanisms have been often neglected and require further investigation.ResultsIn this paper we present the result of a systems biology study aimed at analyzing a high-level inter-pathway regulatory motif called Pathway Protection Loop, not previously described, in which miRNAs seem to play a crucial role in the successful behavior and activation of a pathway. Through the automatic analysis of a large set of public available databases, we found statistical evidence that this inter-pathway regulatory motif is very common in several classes of KEGG Homo Sapiens pathways and concurs in creating a complex regulatory network involving several pathways connected by this specific motif. The role of this motif seems also confirmed by a deeper review of other research activities on selected representative pathways.ConclusionsAlthough previous studies suggested transcriptional regulation mechanism at the pathway level such as the Pathway Protection Loop, a high-level analysis like the one proposed in this paper is still missing. The understanding of higher-level regulatory motifs could, as instance, lead to new approaches in the identification of therapeutic targets because it could unveil new and “indirect” paths to activate or silence a target pathway. However, a lot of work still needs to be done to better uncover this high-level inter-pathway regulation including enlarging the analysis to other small non-coding RNA molecules.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

A systematic analysis of a mi-RNA inter-pathway regulatory motif

Carlo

Politano

Savino

et al. 2013

J Clin Bioinformatics

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“…HIV co-receptors CXCR4, CCR5, galactosyl ceramide (GalCer), and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) may play a critical role in HIV transcytosis (Alfsen and Bomsel, 2002; Alfsen et al, 2005; Bobardt et al, 2007; Bomsel, 1997; Yahi et al, 1994). It has been well documented that polarized endometrial and vaginal epithelial cells do not express CD4, but may express one or more of these HIV co-receptors (Bobardt et al, 2007; Bomsel, 1997; Hocini et al, 2001; Hocini and Bomsel, 1999; Saidi et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV is inactivated after transepithelial migration via adult oral epithelial cells but not fetal epithelial cells

et al. 2011

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Oral transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in adult populations is rare. However, HIV spread across fetal/neonatal oropharyngeal epithelia could be important in mother-to-child transmission. Analysis of HIV transmission across polarized adult and fetal oral epithelial cells revealed that HIV transmigrates through both adult and fetal cells. However, only virions that passed through the fetal cells – and not those that passed through the adult cells – remained infectious. Analysis of expression of anti-HIV innate proteins beta-defensins 2 and 3, and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in adult, fetal, and infant oral epithelia showed that their expression is predominantly in the adult oral epithelium. Retention of HIV infectivity after transmigration correlated inversely with the expression of these innate proteins. Inactivation of innate proteins in adult oral keratinocytes restored HIV infectivity. These data suggest that high-level innate protein expression may contribute to the resistance of the adult oral epithelium to HIV transmission.

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“…Ϫ human colon epithelial cell line increases vulnerability to HIV-1 infection (15), and inhibition of GalCer expression confers protection (48). Binding studies have shown that the recognition site for GalCer is located in the V3 loop of gp120 (47), although the C2 domain (amino acids 266 to 275) may also be involved (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection and Replication in Normal Human Oral Keratinocytes

Li¹,

Zha

Chen³

et al. 2003

J Virol

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Recent epidemiologic studies show increasing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission through oral-genital contact. This paper examines the possibility that normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs) might be directly infected by HIV or might convey infectious HIV virions to adjacent leukocytes. PCR analysis of proviral DNA constructs showed that NHOKs can be infected by CXCR4-tropic (NL4-3 and ELI) and dualtropic (89.6) strains of HIV-1 to generate a weak but productive infection. CCR5-tropic strain Ba-L sustained minimal viral replication. Antibody inhibition studies showed that infection by CXCR4-tropic viral strains is mediated by the galactosylceramide receptor and the CXCR4 chemokine coreceptor. Coculture studies showed that infectious HIV-1 virions can also be conveyed from NHOKs to activated peripheral blood lymphocytes, suggesting a potential role of oral epithelial cells in the transmission of HIV infection.

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Interferon-γ Decreases Cell Surface Expression of Galactosyl Ceramide, the Receptor for HIV-1 GP120 on Human Colonic Epithelial Cells

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

A systematic analysis of a mi-RNA inter-pathway regulatory motif

A systematic analysis of a mi-RNA inter-pathway regulatory motif

HIV is inactivated after transepithelial migration via adult oral epithelial cells but not fetal epithelial cells

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection and Replication in Normal Human Oral Keratinocytes

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