Interferon-α and cancer: Mechanisms of action and new perspectives of clinical use

The Use of TLR7 and TLR8 Ligands for the Enhancement of Cancer Immunotherapy

“…It is now clear that the effects of TLR7/8 agonists on different types of cells can be explained to a considerable extent by the induction of type I IFNs [68]. This type of IFN is very important for effective antitumor immune responses, acting directly and indirectly, as already extensively reviewed by others [87,88]. Type I IFNs affect tumor cells directly in different ways, for example, by suppression of tumor cell proliferation [89].…”

“…Therefore, type I IFNs are very important as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune responses by stimulating DC maturation and crosspriming [90]. Because of their pleiotropic antitumor effects, type I IFNs have already been used for cancer treatment, for example, in the treatment of melanoma or chronic myeloid leukemia [87]. However, side effects, such as flu-like symptoms, are linked to the administration of high-dose exogenous IFN-␣.…”

Potential for all-trans retinoic acid [tretinoin] to enhance interferon-alpha treatment response in chronic myelogenous leukemia, melanoma, myeloma, and renal cell carcinoma

“…10,11 IFNa and IFNb are the main Type I interferons studied to date. Type II interferons, primarily IFNgamma, signal through Type II receptors.…”

“…[10][11][12] How does IFNa kill cancer cells or stop viral replication? By four principle pathways: (1) enhancing intracellular apoptotsis forces in infected/cancer cells, (2) by enhancing non-infected lymphocytes' responses to immune stimulation, (3) by enhancing various and multiple anti-viral replication functions, (4) by retarding protein synthesis.…”

Influence of mesenchymal stem cells on tumor cells of breast cancer in non-contact co-cultivation

“…Можливість широкого використання МСК в медицині базується на їх здатності впливати на пере-біг запальних процесів в організмі вони секретують ряд факторів, фізіологічний ефект яких полягає у пригніченні запальної реакції та імуносупресії [11][12][13]. За даними літератури мезенхімальні стовбурові клітини здатні гальмувати ріст пухлинної популяції та «нормалізовувати» фенотип пухлинних клітин.…”