Interferon Stimulated Genes (Isgs): Novel Pregnancy Specific Biomarker In Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis

Abstract

Early embryonic mortality (EEM) has been shown to be the prime cause of pregnancy failure in domestic species incurring severe economic losses in terms of milk production in dairy cows in most of the tropical countries including India. Despite of the availability of various diagnosis methods for the pregnancy detection the domestic animals are still prone to reproductive failure before the onset of implantation. Recently, a group of genes called as interferon stimulated genes (ISG) have been shown to be expressed during peri-implanation period which could serve as a potential diagnostic marker for early detection of pregnancy in domestic species. The present mini review highlights the differential expression dynamics of interferon stimulated genes (ISG) during early pregnancy period in buffalo.

Temporal analysis of early pregnancy related gene transcripts in Murrah Buffaloes

“…Cytokines are small proteins secreted by cells that have a speci c effect on cell interactions and communication (Zhang et al, 2007). As it stimulates the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), such as interferon-stimulated protein 15 kDa (ISG15), myxovirus-resistance (MX) proteins 1 and 2, and 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) in cow peripheral blood leukocytes (Han et al, 2006, Stevenson et al, 2007, Green et al, 2010, Shirasuna et al, 2012, Matsuyama et al, 2012, Kizaki et al, 2013, Pugliesi et al, 2014Mishra and Sarkar, 2018). The determination of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) in circulating immune cells has previously been shown to be a potential pregnancy diagnostic test for beef (Matsuyama et al, 2012;Pugliesi et al, 2014;Melo et al, 2020), dairy products (Shirasuna et al, 2012;Haq et al, 2016) cattle, there is still no method that has been shown to be both accurate and practical for detecting pregnancy before day 20 (Green et al, 2010;Yoshino et al, 2018;Melo et al, 2020).…”