Interferon Production Induced by Statolon

Kleinschmidt, W. J.; Cline, J. C.; Murphy, Edmond J.

doi:10.1073/pnas.52.3.741

Cited by 98 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…IFN-g owes its discovery to the finding that the addition of phytohemagglutinin, a mitogenic lectin, to a suspension of human leucocytes elicited IFN production (Wheelock, 1965). Crude filtrates from cultures of the fungus Penicillium stoloniferum were shown to induce IFN in mice and in tissue culture (Kleinschmidt et al, 1964). (The filtrate was called ''statolon'' and shown earlier to have antiviral activity.)…”

Section: Multiple Agents and Multiple Pathways Can Lead To Ifn Inductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fifty Years of Interferon Research: Aiming at a Moving Target

Vilček

2006

Immunity

130

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Section: Multiple Agents and Multiple Pathways Can Lead To Ifn Inductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fifty Years of Interferon Research: Aiming at a Moving Target

Vilček

2006

Immunity

130

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“…In this, helenine and statolon, both substances known to induce the elaboration of interferon in hosts to which administered (3,4), and both capable of exerting pronounced AV effects, were found also both to exercise a maximal API effect when tested under similar conditions. Thus the parallelism as regards interferon induction and the manifestation of both an AV and an API effect was perfect so far as a comparative study of helenine and statolon could determine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Groups of mice were injected intraperitoneally with anti-Semliki serum of swine origin 4,8,12,16, and 21 days before inoculation subcutaneously with Semliki Forest virus. To a portion of themice in each group, the antiserum injection was followed 2 hr later by an intraperitoneal injection of helenine.…”

Section: Prevention Of the Establishment Of Passive Immunity By Ltetementioning

confidence: 99%

An Antiviral Substance From Penicillium Funiculosum

Shope

1966

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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1. Helenine prevents the establishment in mice of passive viral immunity by anti-Semliki serum of swine, rabbit, or guinea pig origin. 2. A period of 12 days must elapse, between the antiviral serum administration and challenge with virus, for prevention of the establishment of passive immunity to become apparent. This period is believed to correspond to that in which injected antibody persists in circulation in the injected host. 3. Helenine is effective in preventing the establishment of passive viral immunity by heterologous antiviral sera when it is administered any time during a period of 6 days, extending from 4 days before to 2 days after injection of the antiviral serum. 4. Helenine does not prevent the establishment of passive viral immunity by antiviral sera of mouse origin (homologous). 5. Evidence is presented to indicate that the phenomenon of the prevention of the establishment of passive viral immunity by heterologous antiviral sera is not effected directly, but rather is mediated through some substance that helenine induces the injected host to elaborate. 6. The capacity to prevent the establishment of passive viral immunity could not be exhausted by repeated preceding injections of helenine at 2- or 3-day intervals. 7. Evidence is presented to indicate that the helenine-induced material does not act upon antiviral antibody per se but rather on heterologous foreign protein that happens to be labeled as Semliki Forest virus antibody. This helenine-induced material, whatever its nature, appears to enhance the capacity of the injected host to recognize and dispose of foreign protein. 8. Statolon, a material that like helenine is a known inducer of interferon, is, like helenine, also capable of preventing the establishment of passive viral immunity by heterologous antiviral sera. 9. Experiments designed to determine whether the induced material responsible for the antipassive immunity effect of helenine is interferon have yielded inconclusive answers thus far.

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“…Inhibition of hepatectomy-induced mitosis of liver cells is not limited to a single inducer of interferon, but can be obtained with several inducers of different origin. The only common component in the three inducers is ribonucleic acid [doublestranded in statolon (9) and in poly(I -C), and single-stranded Poly(I -C) was injected 24 hr after partial hepatectomy. The mice were killed 54-55 hr after hepatectomy and 6-7 hr after injection of colchicine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inducers of Interferon Inhibit the Mitotic Response of Liver Cells to Partial Hepatectomy

Jahiel

Taylor

Rainford

et al. 1971

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Partially hepatectomized mice were injected with inducers of interferon, and the mitotic activity of liver cells was measured. The inducers were polyriboinosinic * polyribocytidylic acid, poly(I * C), Newcastle disease virus, and statolon. Each inhibited the mitosis of liver cells. Poly(I-C) was effective in doses as low as 1 ug per mouse. Polyriboinosinic acid, poly(I), had no inhibitory effect. These results extend the spectrum of action of inducers of interferon to inhibition of mitotic division of an aneoplastic, nonaneuploid mammalian cell.The possibility that interferon and its inducers might inhibit the multiplication of mammalian cells has often been considered. Protection against transplantable tumors has been achieved with interferon (1) and its inducers (2), and chemically induced tumorigenesis has been inhibited by poly(I -C) (3). However, mechanisms other than direct inhibition of multiplication of tumor cells, such as enhancement of immune responses or other indirect effects exerted through the host, could have been involved. Studies of the effects of interferon on cell cultures have been complicated by the unavailability of pure preparations of interferon, since the impurities might have growth-inhibitory effects. Initial reports of such studies were conflicting (4), but recent experiments with preparations derived from various sources suggest that interferon may inhibit multiplication of an established mouse tumor cell line (5). Isoproterenol-induced DNA synthesis in salivary-gland epithelium was inhibited by poly(I* C) (6), but it was not stated whether other inducers of interferon were capable of the same effect. It was also not known whether poly(I .C) was effective only against isoproterenol-induced DNA synthesis, or whether it had a more general inhibitory effect on the division of normal cells.We have now studied the effect of several inducers of interferon on the mitotic division of liver cells that is stimulated by partial hepatectomy; we find that division of such cells is inhibited. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatectomy7-week-old, female, CF1 mice (Carworth farms), weighing 19-23 g, were anesthetized with-sodium pentobarbital (0.6 mg/mouse) given intraperitoneally, supplemented by inhalation of ether. Ligatures were tied around the left lateral and median lobes of the liver and most of the median lobe and two-thirds of the left lateral lobe were removed and weighed. The total liver weight (determined in other mice of the same age and weight) ranged from 1.1 to 1.7 g. The portion of liver removed usually weighed from 0.6 to 0.85 g. Mice were matched after hepatectomy so that median weights and ranges of weight of excised liver were nearly equal in all groups of the same experiment. Measurement of mitotic activityMice were killed by cervical dislocation. Specimens from the right lateral lobe of the liver were fixed in Carnoy's solution and sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The mitotic nuclei and interphase nuclei of the parenchymal cells were enumerated with the help o...

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Interferon Production Induced by Statolon

Abstract: The antibacterial properties of statolon and pyran were compared with those of bacterial endotoxin and found to be similar. Although high resistance was transient, it was followed by immunity of the same order as in mice infected without pre-treatment with the interferon inducers.

Cited by 98 publications

References 19 publications

Fifty Years of Interferon Research: Aiming at a Moving Target

Fifty Years of Interferon Research: Aiming at a Moving Target

An Antiviral Substance From Penicillium Funiculosum

Inducers of Interferon Inhibit the Mitotic Response of Liver Cells to Partial Hepatectomy

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